<p>This paper aims to characterize the lithofacies and microfacies of the Lower Aptian Carbonates in Northern and Central Oman to determine their spatial distribution and develop a depositional model. The outcropping Lower Shu’aiba in Wadi Bani Kharus, North Oman, and its equivalent Upper Qishn in Wadi Baw, Central Oman, were selected due to their excellent representation of Lower Aptian Carbonates. A field study and petrographic analyses, in which compositions were determined by counting 300 points for each thin section, revealed that these carbonates comprise six lithofacies and 17 microfacies, deposited in diverse environments. These environments are classified as facies associations, into which the identified microfacies are grouped. The environments include lagoons, reefs, open marine-algal platform, and open marine slope. Northern Oman represents the deeper, distal part of the basin, characterized by slope microfacies. In contrast, Central Oman, dominated by coarser-grained lithofacies, reflects a proximal, high-energy environment influenced by dolomitization, which is absent in Northern Oman. These findings underscore the complexity of depositional environments, creating sedimentological heterogeneity that, when understood, provides deeper insights into the reservoir quality of the Lower Aptian Carbonates in the subsurface.</p>