<p>Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) has become one of the landscapes for private sector investment, that provide capital for private sector and contributing to climate finance mobilisation. However, there is a significant knowledge gap in understanding the applicability of ESG initiatives in reducing inadequate climate finance. Therefore, this study examines the contribution of listed private corporations in mobilising climate finance in Tanzania through ESG initiatives. Data were collected through a content review of relevant frameworks and 104 corporate reports published by 26 listed companies over the period 2020–2023. In addition, key informant interviews were conducted with eight key experts. A quantitative content analysis approach was employed to estimate the extent to which the fund’s portfolios were mobilised and invested in sectors aligned with ESG initiatives, Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The findings reveal that a total of $ 3.4&#xa0;billion was mobilised by private corporations between 2020 and 2023. These funds were collected through ESG-related financial instruments, including green bonds, social bonds, sustainability bonds, green investments, weather-indexed insurance schemes, guarantees, mortgages, and corporate social responsibility initiatives. The mobilised finances accounted for 43.7% of the average annual funding required to implement country’s NDC aligned activities. Furthermore, the investments were found to align with SDG 13 and other related SDGs. The study highlights the critical role of private sector and sustainable finance in redirecting financial flows towards climate resilient development and low carbon future. The study therefore recommends measures that enhance climate finance mobilisation through private sector engagement.</p>