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<p>Since the BRICS countries are considered pioneers among emerging economies and have accelerated economic growth, this growth pattern inevitably affects environmental quality in the long term. Against this backdrop, the present study investigates the relationship between environmental taxation, economic growth and CO₂ emissions by adopting a knowledge‑based perspective. Using a panel dataset spanning 1990–2021 and employing the Pooled Mean Group Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) model, we demonstrate that carbon emissions and their determinants share long‑run cointegrating relationships. Our results show that environmental tax and GDP significantly constrain CO₂ emissions. Crucially, we interpret these findings through the lens of knowledge creation and diffusion: the emission‑reducing effect of environmental taxation is largely mediated by the generation and adoption of green technologies, which in turn depend on national innovation systems and knowledge spillovers. The analysis reveals substantial heterogeneity among BRICS countries in their absorptive capacity and speed of technological learning. These results imply that policymakers should not only rely on carbon pricing but also foster knowledge infrastructures – R&amp;D investment, technology transfer mechanisms, and innovation networks – to accelerate the low‑carbon transition. This study contributes to the knowledge economy literature by integrating environmental fiscal policy analysis with indicators of innovation and knowledge diffusion.</p>

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The Delicate Balance: Ecological Transition and Economic Growth in BRICS - A PMG-ARDL Econometric Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • Mohamed Riadh Cherif

摘要

Since the BRICS countries are considered pioneers among emerging economies and have accelerated economic growth, this growth pattern inevitably affects environmental quality in the long term. Against this backdrop, the present study investigates the relationship between environmental taxation, economic growth and CO₂ emissions by adopting a knowledge‑based perspective. Using a panel dataset spanning 1990–2021 and employing the Pooled Mean Group Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) model, we demonstrate that carbon emissions and their determinants share long‑run cointegrating relationships. Our results show that environmental tax and GDP significantly constrain CO₂ emissions. Crucially, we interpret these findings through the lens of knowledge creation and diffusion: the emission‑reducing effect of environmental taxation is largely mediated by the generation and adoption of green technologies, which in turn depend on national innovation systems and knowledge spillovers. The analysis reveals substantial heterogeneity among BRICS countries in their absorptive capacity and speed of technological learning. These results imply that policymakers should not only rely on carbon pricing but also foster knowledge infrastructures – R&D investment, technology transfer mechanisms, and innovation networks – to accelerate the low‑carbon transition. This study contributes to the knowledge economy literature by integrating environmental fiscal policy analysis with indicators of innovation and knowledge diffusion.