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<p>This study investigates the impact of robot adoption on firm productivity and export, considering province-level factors. Analysing a large dataset of 4,767 Spanish manufacturing firms during the period 1990–2016, we find that robots enhance productivity, particularly for small and non-innovative firms. Regional influences such as intangible assets and localization economies shape export intensity and labour productivity. Our findings emphasize the need to tailor strategies taking into consideration firms’ heterogeneity, for instance across size or innovation levels. Further, considering the firm- and regional level factors, this research provides insights and implications that can enhance digital transition policies in a comprehensive framework.</p>

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Robots, Firms, and Regions: Explaining Spanish Manufacturing Firms’ Productivity and Exports

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月11日

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  • Sebastiano Cattaruzzo,
  • Carles Méndez-Ortega,
  • Joan Torrent-Sellens

摘要

This study investigates the impact of robot adoption on firm productivity and export, considering province-level factors. Analysing a large dataset of 4,767 Spanish manufacturing firms during the period 1990–2016, we find that robots enhance productivity, particularly for small and non-innovative firms. Regional influences such as intangible assets and localization economies shape export intensity and labour productivity. Our findings emphasize the need to tailor strategies taking into consideration firms’ heterogeneity, for instance across size or innovation levels. Further, considering the firm- and regional level factors, this research provides insights and implications that can enhance digital transition policies in a comprehensive framework.