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<p>The aim of this paper is to revisit the energy-happiness paradox hypothesis using the context of developing countries and access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking as indicator of energy access. We specify and estimate a panel data model using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), fixed effect model (FE), and random effect (RE) model over the period 2008–2020 in 72 developing countries. We confirm the energy-happiness paradox hypothesis in Upper-middle and Lower-middle income countries. However, the results also show that access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking has a positive effect on happiness in Low-Income countries. It justifies the placed-based policy strategy by the government in developing countries for expanding access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking in favour of disadvantaged areas.</p>

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Revisiting the Energy‑Happiness Paradox: Evidence of Access to Clean Fuels and Technologies for Cooking in Developing Countries

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月27日

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  • Novice Patrick Bakehe,
  • Ariel Herbert Fambeu,
  • Georges Dieudonné Mbondo

摘要

The aim of this paper is to revisit the energy-happiness paradox hypothesis using the context of developing countries and access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking as indicator of energy access. We specify and estimate a panel data model using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), fixed effect model (FE), and random effect (RE) model over the period 2008–2020 in 72 developing countries. We confirm the energy-happiness paradox hypothesis in Upper-middle and Lower-middle income countries. However, the results also show that access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking has a positive effect on happiness in Low-Income countries. It justifies the placed-based policy strategy by the government in developing countries for expanding access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking in favour of disadvantaged areas.