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<p>Previous literature indicates that open innovation is not prevalent among Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana, where internal R&amp;D complements openness. This study investigates the influence of open innovation on SME innovation performance growth and the optimal timing for SMEs’ adoption of open innovation in Ghana. The research was conducted between January 2020 and December 2023, providing a recent perspective on the phenomenon. Ghana was chosen as the focus due to its emerging SME sector, its significant role in sub-Saharan Africa’s economy, and limited adoption of open innovation practices, making it a critical context for exploring this subject. A survey of 218 Ghanaian SMEs was carried out to confirm the influence of the optimal timing of open innovation adoption on SME innovation performance growth using simple linear regression and zero-order (Pearson product-moment) correlations in SPSS. Using the exponential growth model, three modules are further formulated, hypothesized, and theorized to show the influence of open innovation adoption on SME innovation performance growth while the trajectory is illustrated graphically with MATLAB. The survey results indicate that early adoption of inbound and outbound open innovation is positively associated with the innovation performance growth of SMEs in Ghana. These findings suggest that Ghanaian SMEs adopting open innovation early can access new markets, knowledge, and resources, thus better positioning themselves for innovation performance growth. This study provides valuable insights for SMEs looking to adopt open innovation practices optimally in Ghana and other sub-Saharan African countries.</p>

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Exploring the Timing of Inbound and Outbound Open Innovation on the Growth of SMEs Using the Exponential Growth Method Insight from Ghana

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月19日

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  • Elijah Duah,
  • Shao Yunfei,
  • Isaac Edem Djimesah,
  • Josephine Kwarteng,
  • Agnes Naa-Deidei Okine,
  • John Fiifi Essel,
  • Abraham OseI

摘要

Previous literature indicates that open innovation is not prevalent among Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana, where internal R&D complements openness. This study investigates the influence of open innovation on SME innovation performance growth and the optimal timing for SMEs’ adoption of open innovation in Ghana. The research was conducted between January 2020 and December 2023, providing a recent perspective on the phenomenon. Ghana was chosen as the focus due to its emerging SME sector, its significant role in sub-Saharan Africa’s economy, and limited adoption of open innovation practices, making it a critical context for exploring this subject. A survey of 218 Ghanaian SMEs was carried out to confirm the influence of the optimal timing of open innovation adoption on SME innovation performance growth using simple linear regression and zero-order (Pearson product-moment) correlations in SPSS. Using the exponential growth model, three modules are further formulated, hypothesized, and theorized to show the influence of open innovation adoption on SME innovation performance growth while the trajectory is illustrated graphically with MATLAB. The survey results indicate that early adoption of inbound and outbound open innovation is positively associated with the innovation performance growth of SMEs in Ghana. These findings suggest that Ghanaian SMEs adopting open innovation early can access new markets, knowledge, and resources, thus better positioning themselves for innovation performance growth. This study provides valuable insights for SMEs looking to adopt open innovation practices optimally in Ghana and other sub-Saharan African countries.