<p>Vietnam’s logistics sector, a cornerstone of Southeast Asia’s trade, is undergoing a knowledge-driven digital transformation, yet the factors shaping this shift in an SME-dominated, export-oriented economy remain underexplored. This study investigates the interplay of technological innovation, organizational learning, and environmental pressures in fostering digital knowledge adoption, adapting global frameworks to Vietnam’s unique context. Using a survey of 185 logistics firms, we integrate Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods to analyze causal and non-linear dynamics. Findings highlight environmental pressures, driven by e-commerce and market demands, as the primary catalyst, followed by technological innovation, constrained by cost barriers, and organizational learning, limited by skill gaps. Organizational learning partially mediates technological and environmental influences, shaping knowledge diffusion. This study's originality lies in its dual-method approach, refining TOE and TAM frameworks for Vietnam's SME-dominated logistics, revealing non-linear dynamics overlooked in prior studies. At the discipline level, it advances knowledge adoption models in emerging markets; at the practitioner level, it provides actionable strategies for enhancing digital capabilities amid e-commerce pressures, such as prioritizing environmental catalysts and addressing skill gaps. Logistics firms can respond to these environmental pressures by integrating e-commerce platforms to systematically build real-time data capabilities and improve supply chain visibility.</p>