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<p>We investigate the structure and performance of the Greek national innovation system (NIS) during the economic crisis period of 2008–2017, employing the N-tuple helices conceptual framework and introducing a novel composite index, namely, SFIGA. This indicator evaluates five key innovation subsystems: society, finance, industry, government, and academia. Using data from 112 countries, we assess Greece’s position within the global innovation landscape and trace patterns of convergence and divergence relative to different income-level groups. The empirical findings indicate that, during the crisis, the Greek NIS resembled those of upper-middle-income countries rather than high-income peers. Notably, the finance, government, and industry helices exhibited systemic inefficiencies, while academia and society demonstrated relative resilience. The application of multidimensional scaling (MDS) technique provides a visual representation of Greece’s shifting innovation trajectory and highlights critical structural imbalances. The results suggest that innovation-driven recovery in Greece requires targeted reforms aimed at strengthening the financial sector, improving institutional quality, and fostering industry–academia collaboration, in line with best practices observed in globally high-performing innovation systems.</p>

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Assessing the Greek National Innovation System During the Economic Crisis: Insights from a Global Comparative Analysis Using a N-Tuple Helices Composite Index

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月4日

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  • Apostolos Vetsikas,
  • Konstantina Founta

摘要

We investigate the structure and performance of the Greek national innovation system (NIS) during the economic crisis period of 2008–2017, employing the N-tuple helices conceptual framework and introducing a novel composite index, namely, SFIGA. This indicator evaluates five key innovation subsystems: society, finance, industry, government, and academia. Using data from 112 countries, we assess Greece’s position within the global innovation landscape and trace patterns of convergence and divergence relative to different income-level groups. The empirical findings indicate that, during the crisis, the Greek NIS resembled those of upper-middle-income countries rather than high-income peers. Notably, the finance, government, and industry helices exhibited systemic inefficiencies, while academia and society demonstrated relative resilience. The application of multidimensional scaling (MDS) technique provides a visual representation of Greece’s shifting innovation trajectory and highlights critical structural imbalances. The results suggest that innovation-driven recovery in Greece requires targeted reforms aimed at strengthening the financial sector, improving institutional quality, and fostering industry–academia collaboration, in line with best practices observed in globally high-performing innovation systems.