<p>This study reveals the role of the digital economy as a driving force for knowledge creation, dissemination, and application, particularly in promoting balanced economic development between regions. Based on China’s inter-provincial panel data from 2012 to 2020, the Dagum Gini coefficient, average logarithmic dispersion, and Theil index were used to measure the regional differences and correlations in the development of the digital economy. It constructs the spatial σ convergence and β convergence econometric model, which empirically analyzes the convergence of digital economy development. The results show that there are significant differences in the development of the digital economy between the East, Central, and West regions. The development of the regional digital economy is unbalanced, and there is an obvious spatial correlation in the development of the digital economy. Furthermore, there is significant σ convergence in the development of the regional digital economy and obvious absolute β convergence at the national level, as well as the East and the Central regions, while in the western region, absolute β convergence is not significant. After controlling the degree of marketization, human capital, regional urbanization level, and population density, there is clear conditional β convergence at the national level and in the East, Central, and West regions. The research results aim to provide guidance for the coordinated development of the regional digital economy.</p>