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<p>This study explores the three-dimensional (3-D) characteristics of oceanic eddies in the Southern Ocean from 2021 to 2023. Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) GLORYS12V1 product, which provides daily current field data at a (1/12)° grid resolution, is used to identify eddies with radii &gt; 10 km. Additionally, the daily sea level anomaly product from Haiyang-2 (HY-2) altimeters is used to detect mesoscale eddies with radii &gt; 40 km. GLORYS12V1 detects over ten times more surface eddies than HY-2, likely due to its higher spatial and temporal resolution, which allows better identification of smaller-scale features. Both eddy radius and eddy kinetic energy (EKE) differences between layers decrease with depth. At 0.5 m, EKE is lower than at 300–600 m, where it stabilizes. Over 90% of eddies at these depths show center deflection angles under 3°, defined as the angular offset between eddy centers in adjacent layers relative to the vertical (0°) axis. In a 3-D eddy, the center may shift with depth due to physical processes, causing non-zero center deflection angles between layers. Below 300 m, eddy radius differences are more frequently under 20 km than in the upper 0.5–300 m, where baroclinic instability amplifies, and barotropic instability suppresses cross-layer variability. The influence of both instabilities weakens with depth. In the upper ocean (0.5–300 m), baroclinic instability increases the angular offsets between eddy centers. In contrast, barotropic instability reduces these offsets. At 300–600 m, both promote better vertical alignment, indicating greater structural stability. Overall, this study enhances the understanding of the vertical structure and dynamics of oceanic eddies in the Southern Ocean.</p>

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Characteristics of three-dimensional oceanic eddy in the Southern Ocean from 2021 to 2023

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Tao Jiang,
  • Weizeng Shao,
  • Yuyi Hu,
  • Xingwei Jiang,
  • Qingping Zou,
  • Yongliang Wei

摘要

This study explores the three-dimensional (3-D) characteristics of oceanic eddies in the Southern Ocean from 2021 to 2023. Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) GLORYS12V1 product, which provides daily current field data at a (1/12)° grid resolution, is used to identify eddies with radii > 10 km. Additionally, the daily sea level anomaly product from Haiyang-2 (HY-2) altimeters is used to detect mesoscale eddies with radii > 40 km. GLORYS12V1 detects over ten times more surface eddies than HY-2, likely due to its higher spatial and temporal resolution, which allows better identification of smaller-scale features. Both eddy radius and eddy kinetic energy (EKE) differences between layers decrease with depth. At 0.5 m, EKE is lower than at 300–600 m, where it stabilizes. Over 90% of eddies at these depths show center deflection angles under 3°, defined as the angular offset between eddy centers in adjacent layers relative to the vertical (0°) axis. In a 3-D eddy, the center may shift with depth due to physical processes, causing non-zero center deflection angles between layers. Below 300 m, eddy radius differences are more frequently under 20 km than in the upper 0.5–300 m, where baroclinic instability amplifies, and barotropic instability suppresses cross-layer variability. The influence of both instabilities weakens with depth. In the upper ocean (0.5–300 m), baroclinic instability increases the angular offsets between eddy centers. In contrast, barotropic instability reduces these offsets. At 300–600 m, both promote better vertical alignment, indicating greater structural stability. Overall, this study enhances the understanding of the vertical structure and dynamics of oceanic eddies in the Southern Ocean.