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<p><i>Karenia mikimotoi</i> is a notorious ichthyotoxic alga in the coastal waters of China, causing substantial losses to local fisheries. Studies have demonstrated that phycosphere bacteria play a critical role in harmful algal blooms; however, the current understanding of the phycosphere bacteria associated with <i>K. mikimotoi</i> and their algal-bacterial interactions remains limited. In this study, a full-length 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was conducted to analyze the bacterial community structure and potential algal-bacterial interactions within the phycosphere of <i>K. mikimotoi</i> (Pingtan strain) under different nutrient conditions and growth phases. A total of 73 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were annotated, spanning 5 phyla, 8 classes, 21 orders, 33 families, 58 genera, and 62 species. Seventeen species exhibited a relative abundance &gt;1%, with <i>Marivita cryptomonadis</i> (average abundance 71.1%) and <i>Zhongshania marina</i> (average abundance 4.8%) identified as the main dominant species. Bacterial community structure and diversity indices showed no significant difference between the nitrogen-limited and phosphorus-limited groups, but they significantly differed from those in the controls. Furthermore, these differences were more pronounced during the decline phase. Functional prediction analyses revealed significant differences in gene expression between the nutrient-limited groups and the controls, with these differences primarily concentrated in pathways such as the branched-chain amino acid transport system pathway, peptide/nickel transport system pathway, and other metabolism-related pathways. These results indicated that <i>K. mikimotoi</i> harbored a highly diverse associated bacterial community, which was influenced by nutrient conditions and algal growth phases. Complex interactions, such as quorum sensing (QS), might exist between algae and bacteria.</p>

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Responses of the phycosphere microbiota of Karenia mikimotoi to different nutritional conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月1日

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  • Yucheng Zhang,
  • Long Chen,
  • Kunlei Ren,
  • Ziyang Wang,
  • Kang Wang,
  • Xiaodong Li,
  • Yang Liu,
  • Zhenjun Kang,
  • Ming Yang,
  • Mengliang Jiao

摘要

Karenia mikimotoi is a notorious ichthyotoxic alga in the coastal waters of China, causing substantial losses to local fisheries. Studies have demonstrated that phycosphere bacteria play a critical role in harmful algal blooms; however, the current understanding of the phycosphere bacteria associated with K. mikimotoi and their algal-bacterial interactions remains limited. In this study, a full-length 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was conducted to analyze the bacterial community structure and potential algal-bacterial interactions within the phycosphere of K. mikimotoi (Pingtan strain) under different nutrient conditions and growth phases. A total of 73 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were annotated, spanning 5 phyla, 8 classes, 21 orders, 33 families, 58 genera, and 62 species. Seventeen species exhibited a relative abundance >1%, with Marivita cryptomonadis (average abundance 71.1%) and Zhongshania marina (average abundance 4.8%) identified as the main dominant species. Bacterial community structure and diversity indices showed no significant difference between the nitrogen-limited and phosphorus-limited groups, but they significantly differed from those in the controls. Furthermore, these differences were more pronounced during the decline phase. Functional prediction analyses revealed significant differences in gene expression between the nutrient-limited groups and the controls, with these differences primarily concentrated in pathways such as the branched-chain amino acid transport system pathway, peptide/nickel transport system pathway, and other metabolism-related pathways. These results indicated that K. mikimotoi harbored a highly diverse associated bacterial community, which was influenced by nutrient conditions and algal growth phases. Complex interactions, such as quorum sensing (QS), might exist between algae and bacteria.