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<p>In recent decades, the frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the Taiwan Strait have increased significantly. In the summer of 2024, the Taiwan Strait experienced the most intense MHW on record, with a maximum intensity of 2.88°C and a cumulative intensity of 124.15°C·d, posing a severe risk of coral bleaching. During the onset phase, the sea surface temperature (SST) exhibited a clear quasibiweekly oscillation pattern, with the most pronounced warming occurring in the northern waters off the Penghu Islands. The anomalous westward extension and intensification of the western North Pacific Subtropical High (WNPSH) led to reduced cloud cover over the Taiwan Strait, enhancing incoming shortwave radiation (with an average positive anomaly of 29.5 W/m<sup>2</sup>). The regional mean temperature was 0.10 °C/d, which was driven primarily by the net surface heat flux (0.08°C/d), with shortwave radiation (0.05°C/d) being the dominant contributor. In addition, the intensified southwesterly summer monsoon strengthened northeastward warm advection, jointly driving widespread SST increases in the region. During the decay phase, Typhoon Gaemi passed through the Taiwan Strait, inducing significant surface cooling. The decrease in SST was dominated by negative anomalies in net surface heat flux, primarily latent heat loss (−0.16°C/d, with latent heat flux contributing −0.13°C/d). Enhanced atmosphere-ocean interactions under the typhoon and intensified entrainment (−0.05°C/d) jointly drove the rapid termination of the MHW.</p>

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Onset and decay mechanisms of the Summer 2024 extreme marine heatwave in the Taiwan Strait

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月1日

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  • Ruizhao Xia,
  • Yun Qiu,
  • Xinyu Lin,
  • Shihan Li

摘要

In recent decades, the frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the Taiwan Strait have increased significantly. In the summer of 2024, the Taiwan Strait experienced the most intense MHW on record, with a maximum intensity of 2.88°C and a cumulative intensity of 124.15°C·d, posing a severe risk of coral bleaching. During the onset phase, the sea surface temperature (SST) exhibited a clear quasibiweekly oscillation pattern, with the most pronounced warming occurring in the northern waters off the Penghu Islands. The anomalous westward extension and intensification of the western North Pacific Subtropical High (WNPSH) led to reduced cloud cover over the Taiwan Strait, enhancing incoming shortwave radiation (with an average positive anomaly of 29.5 W/m2). The regional mean temperature was 0.10 °C/d, which was driven primarily by the net surface heat flux (0.08°C/d), with shortwave radiation (0.05°C/d) being the dominant contributor. In addition, the intensified southwesterly summer monsoon strengthened northeastward warm advection, jointly driving widespread SST increases in the region. During the decay phase, Typhoon Gaemi passed through the Taiwan Strait, inducing significant surface cooling. The decrease in SST was dominated by negative anomalies in net surface heat flux, primarily latent heat loss (−0.16°C/d, with latent heat flux contributing −0.13°C/d). Enhanced atmosphere-ocean interactions under the typhoon and intensified entrainment (−0.05°C/d) jointly drove the rapid termination of the MHW.