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<p>The sea surface temperature (SST) front over the northern South China Sea (NSCS) has significant impacts on regional weather, climate, and marine ecology. Based on high-resolution satellite data and reanalysis data, the long-term variation characteristics and possible mechanisms of the SST front intensity (SSTFI) over the NSCS in winter from 1986 to 2020 are analyzed. The results show that: (1) Based on empirical orthogonal decomposition analysis, the evolution features of SST front mainly include two types: position shift type and an intensity variation type. (2) The SSTFI is accelerating in recent two decades. From 1986 to 2003 (P1), the SSTFI changed relatively smoothly [0.2 °C /(km·decade)], while from 2004 to 2020 (P2), there is a significant strengthening trend [1.2 °C/(km·decade)]. (3) The horizontal advection related to the ocean current dominates the intensification of the SST front. An anomalous cyclonic circulation in upper ocean of the NSCS and the coastal current of South China strengthen the cold advection, resulting in cooling of the coastal waters of South China. (4) The latent heat flux dominates the sea surface heat loss and cooling process, but both latent and sensible heat flux are not conducive to the enhancement of the SSTFI. (5) The increase in SSTFI is largely associated with La Niña-like pattern, which is conducive to enhance the East Asia winter monsoon, and strengthens the ocean front through air-sea interactions. This study provides a scientific reference for understanding the variations of the SSTFI.</p>

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Decadal change of sea surface temperature front intensity in the northern South China Sea: characteristics and mechanisms

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Shuqi Zhuang,
  • Jingchao Long,
  • Lingling Xie,
  • Baoxin Feng,
  • Kailin Chen

摘要

The sea surface temperature (SST) front over the northern South China Sea (NSCS) has significant impacts on regional weather, climate, and marine ecology. Based on high-resolution satellite data and reanalysis data, the long-term variation characteristics and possible mechanisms of the SST front intensity (SSTFI) over the NSCS in winter from 1986 to 2020 are analyzed. The results show that: (1) Based on empirical orthogonal decomposition analysis, the evolution features of SST front mainly include two types: position shift type and an intensity variation type. (2) The SSTFI is accelerating in recent two decades. From 1986 to 2003 (P1), the SSTFI changed relatively smoothly [0.2 °C /(km·decade)], while from 2004 to 2020 (P2), there is a significant strengthening trend [1.2 °C/(km·decade)]. (3) The horizontal advection related to the ocean current dominates the intensification of the SST front. An anomalous cyclonic circulation in upper ocean of the NSCS and the coastal current of South China strengthen the cold advection, resulting in cooling of the coastal waters of South China. (4) The latent heat flux dominates the sea surface heat loss and cooling process, but both latent and sensible heat flux are not conducive to the enhancement of the SSTFI. (5) The increase in SSTFI is largely associated with La Niña-like pattern, which is conducive to enhance the East Asia winter monsoon, and strengthens the ocean front through air-sea interactions. This study provides a scientific reference for understanding the variations of the SSTFI.