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<p>The availability of food worldwide could be greatly threatened by the growing inefficiency of traditional fertilizers. Such fertilizers have poor nutrient use efficiency (NUE), always result in nutrient loss through leaching, and cause significant environmental damage. Nano-fertilizers (NFs) have been proposed as a revolutionary method for delivering nutrients utilizing nanotechnology to increase nutrient delivery, bioavailability, and controlled release. The review thoroughly presents the classification of NFs by the type of nutrient and method of synthesis via physical (top-down), chemical (bottom-up), and green (biological) along with plant uptake and transport mechanisms. The implementation of NFs in various farming systems leads to a notable increase in crop production, improved NUE, and crops have better resistance to various stresses. A critical examination of the major issues that have been raised shows lack of standardization, difficulties with farmer acceptance, toxicity risks, and regulatory loopholes. Suggestions for future studies emphasize the integration of smart responsive formulations, circular bioeconomy principles, and long term environmental monitoring, which ultimately sets out a plan for the safe and widespread incorporation of NFs into sustainable global agriculture.</p>

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Synthesis strategies, nutrient delivery mechanisms, and pathways toward sustainable agriculture via nano-fertilizers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月22日

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  • Praveen Mallari,
  • Venkatachalam Deepa Parvathi,
  • V. Sathishkumar,
  • R. B. Jeen Robert,
  • M. Joemax Agu,
  • M. Muthuselvi,
  • G. S. Hikku

摘要

The availability of food worldwide could be greatly threatened by the growing inefficiency of traditional fertilizers. Such fertilizers have poor nutrient use efficiency (NUE), always result in nutrient loss through leaching, and cause significant environmental damage. Nano-fertilizers (NFs) have been proposed as a revolutionary method for delivering nutrients utilizing nanotechnology to increase nutrient delivery, bioavailability, and controlled release. The review thoroughly presents the classification of NFs by the type of nutrient and method of synthesis via physical (top-down), chemical (bottom-up), and green (biological) along with plant uptake and transport mechanisms. The implementation of NFs in various farming systems leads to a notable increase in crop production, improved NUE, and crops have better resistance to various stresses. A critical examination of the major issues that have been raised shows lack of standardization, difficulties with farmer acceptance, toxicity risks, and regulatory loopholes. Suggestions for future studies emphasize the integration of smart responsive formulations, circular bioeconomy principles, and long term environmental monitoring, which ultimately sets out a plan for the safe and widespread incorporation of NFs into sustainable global agriculture.