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<p>Soil salinization poses a severe threat to global agricultural productivity. According to recent Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 2024 estimates, 10.7% of the global land area is affected by salinity. Seed germination is particularly susceptible to the stress caused by salinity. Priming of seeds performed at this crucial stage of the crop life cycle can be used as an effective stress-mitigating technique to improve seed establishment and enhance plant growth. In this study, therefore, presterilized mung bean seeds were soaked in 45 mM concentrations of various calcium compounds (calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, and calcium sulphate) and subjected to 75 mM NaCl stress. Priming with CaCl<sub>2</sub> significantly improved seed water status and reduced ion leakage, thereby minimizing membrane damage under NaCl stress conditions. Pretreatment of seeds with calcium chloride was found to be superior at an optimal concentration of 45 mM over calcium nitrate, calcium sulphate, and hydropriming treatments. The level of total soluble sugars in CaCl<sub>2</sub> primed mung bean seeds increased, most notably in the early germination stages, which corresponded with an increase in α-amylase activity, facilitating the breakdown of starch. The activities of sucrose metabolizing enzymes, including sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase, and invertase, were also increased following seed treatment with CaCl<sub>2</sub>, resulting in an enhanced sucrose content. CaCl<sub>2</sub> primed seeds showed increased Ca<sup>2+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> levels but reduced Na<sup>+</sup> concentrations. Additionally, compared with all other treatments, the most significant result was that 45 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub> seed priming treatment increased the nitrate concentration (96%). The findings also demonstrate that CaCl<sub>2</sub> seed treatment alone is equally as effective as the combinatorial seed priming treatments (calcium chloride + calcium nitrate) in enhancing nitrate content and also improving nitrogen assimilation. The CaCl<sub>2</sub> seed priming technique can be used as an effective elicitor to stimulate both germination and seedling growth and is possibly associated with nitrate mobilization processes.</p>

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Calcium chloride seed priming alleviates NaCl toxicity in Vigna radiata by modulating sucrose metabolism and altering nutrient levels

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月22日

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  • Vishwini Viswanathan,
  • Jithesh M Narayanan

摘要

Soil salinization poses a severe threat to global agricultural productivity. According to recent Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 2024 estimates, 10.7% of the global land area is affected by salinity. Seed germination is particularly susceptible to the stress caused by salinity. Priming of seeds performed at this crucial stage of the crop life cycle can be used as an effective stress-mitigating technique to improve seed establishment and enhance plant growth. In this study, therefore, presterilized mung bean seeds were soaked in 45 mM concentrations of various calcium compounds (calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, and calcium sulphate) and subjected to 75 mM NaCl stress. Priming with CaCl2 significantly improved seed water status and reduced ion leakage, thereby minimizing membrane damage under NaCl stress conditions. Pretreatment of seeds with calcium chloride was found to be superior at an optimal concentration of 45 mM over calcium nitrate, calcium sulphate, and hydropriming treatments. The level of total soluble sugars in CaCl2 primed mung bean seeds increased, most notably in the early germination stages, which corresponded with an increase in α-amylase activity, facilitating the breakdown of starch. The activities of sucrose metabolizing enzymes, including sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase, and invertase, were also increased following seed treatment with CaCl2, resulting in an enhanced sucrose content. CaCl2 primed seeds showed increased Ca2+ and K+ levels but reduced Na+ concentrations. Additionally, compared with all other treatments, the most significant result was that 45 mM CaCl2 seed priming treatment increased the nitrate concentration (96%). The findings also demonstrate that CaCl2 seed treatment alone is equally as effective as the combinatorial seed priming treatments (calcium chloride + calcium nitrate) in enhancing nitrate content and also improving nitrogen assimilation. The CaCl2 seed priming technique can be used as an effective elicitor to stimulate both germination and seedling growth and is possibly associated with nitrate mobilization processes.