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<p>Aromatic rice, known for its distinctive fragrance and superior grain quality, holds significant economic and cultural value in many regions. This study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic performance, genetic divergence, and character associations among thirty-seven aromatic rice germplasm lines. Additionally, inheritance patterns of key agronomic and nutritional traits and combining ability of parents and their F<sub>1</sub>s were evaluated. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted substantial variability in traits related to grain quality, yield, and nutrition, while cluster analysis identified distinct groups with strengths in high yield, grain quality, and micronutrient content. 45 F<sub>1</sub> crosses, developed through a Line × Tester approach with fifteen lines and three testers, showed that Basmati 386, Pant Sugandh Dhan 15, Taraori Basmati, and Pant Basmati-2 were superior general combiners. Specific combinations, including Basmati-370 × Pusa 1509, Basmati 386 × Pusa 1121, Basmati 370 × Pusa 1509, and Basmati 386 × Pusa 1509, exhibited notable heterosis and are found to be promising. Additionally, Inheritance studies showed dominance and epistatic interactions, with non-additive gene action predominant for traits like grain yield, Fe, and Zn. The study demonstrated complex genetic architecture in Basmati rice for yield and nutritional traits. The presence of dominance and epistasis suggests that selection in later generations, combined with recurrent selection, may enhance breeding efficiency. These findings offer valuable insights into targeted breeding strategies to improve both yield and nutritional quality in Basmati rice.</p>

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Harnessing genetic diversity and heterosis in basmati rice for biofortification and yield improvement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月14日

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  • Basu Sudhakar Reddy,
  • Dinesh Chandra Baskheti,
  • Indra Deo Pandey,
  • Divya Chaudhary,
  • Sahar Osman A. Ali,
  • Mohammad Raish,
  • Suhail Ashraf

摘要

Aromatic rice, known for its distinctive fragrance and superior grain quality, holds significant economic and cultural value in many regions. This study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic performance, genetic divergence, and character associations among thirty-seven aromatic rice germplasm lines. Additionally, inheritance patterns of key agronomic and nutritional traits and combining ability of parents and their F1s were evaluated. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted substantial variability in traits related to grain quality, yield, and nutrition, while cluster analysis identified distinct groups with strengths in high yield, grain quality, and micronutrient content. 45 F1 crosses, developed through a Line × Tester approach with fifteen lines and three testers, showed that Basmati 386, Pant Sugandh Dhan 15, Taraori Basmati, and Pant Basmati-2 were superior general combiners. Specific combinations, including Basmati-370 × Pusa 1509, Basmati 386 × Pusa 1121, Basmati 370 × Pusa 1509, and Basmati 386 × Pusa 1509, exhibited notable heterosis and are found to be promising. Additionally, Inheritance studies showed dominance and epistatic interactions, with non-additive gene action predominant for traits like grain yield, Fe, and Zn. The study demonstrated complex genetic architecture in Basmati rice for yield and nutritional traits. The presence of dominance and epistasis suggests that selection in later generations, combined with recurrent selection, may enhance breeding efficiency. These findings offer valuable insights into targeted breeding strategies to improve both yield and nutritional quality in Basmati rice.