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<p>Triticale, a hybrid cereal, shows promise due to its nutritional value and environmental adaptability, though it faces limitations in flour quality that can be improved by suitable nutrient management. This study investigated the impact of nitrogen (N) fertilization and environmental conditions on triticale, aiming to align its traits with wheat. The experiment, conducted in southern Brazil, employed a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, comprising four environments (L<sub>rain</sub>, L<sub>irriga</sub>, C<sub>rain</sub>, and PG<sub>rain</sub>), two genotypes (wheat and triticale), and two N rates (40 and 120&#xa0;kg ha<sup>− 1</sup>). Water deficit significantly reduced grain yield and the density of productive spikes in wheat compared to triticale, which exhibited superior N uptake efficiency (NUpE). Increasing N rate enhanced the density of productive spikes (for wheat in L<sub>rain</sub>), plant lodging, grain yield (for triticale in PG<sub>rain</sub>), N content and N accumulation in the shoot dry matter, dough tenacity (for wheat in L<sub>rain</sub> and triticale in L<sub>irriga</sub>), gluten strength (in L<sub>rain</sub>), and grain protein content (except in C<sub>rain</sub>); whereas it decreased N utilisation efficiency (NUtE). In conclusion, triticale outperformed wheat in grain yield and N use efficiency, while wheat excelled in traits related to the industrial quality of grains and flour. Compared to wheat, triticale exhibited greater drought tolerance and more consistent NUtE, falling number, and gluten strength. Despite these advantages, N fertilization failed to significantly improve the industrial quality of triticale grains and flour, except for grain protein content, leaving its quality traits below those of wheat.</p>

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Triticale–wheat comparative nitrogen use efficiency and industrial quality of grains and flour: effects of nitrogen fertilization and environmental conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月21日

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  • Sérgio Ricardo Silva

摘要

Triticale, a hybrid cereal, shows promise due to its nutritional value and environmental adaptability, though it faces limitations in flour quality that can be improved by suitable nutrient management. This study investigated the impact of nitrogen (N) fertilization and environmental conditions on triticale, aiming to align its traits with wheat. The experiment, conducted in southern Brazil, employed a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, comprising four environments (Lrain, Lirriga, Crain, and PGrain), two genotypes (wheat and triticale), and two N rates (40 and 120 kg ha− 1). Water deficit significantly reduced grain yield and the density of productive spikes in wheat compared to triticale, which exhibited superior N uptake efficiency (NUpE). Increasing N rate enhanced the density of productive spikes (for wheat in Lrain), plant lodging, grain yield (for triticale in PGrain), N content and N accumulation in the shoot dry matter, dough tenacity (for wheat in Lrain and triticale in Lirriga), gluten strength (in Lrain), and grain protein content (except in Crain); whereas it decreased N utilisation efficiency (NUtE). In conclusion, triticale outperformed wheat in grain yield and N use efficiency, while wheat excelled in traits related to the industrial quality of grains and flour. Compared to wheat, triticale exhibited greater drought tolerance and more consistent NUtE, falling number, and gluten strength. Despite these advantages, N fertilization failed to significantly improve the industrial quality of triticale grains and flour, except for grain protein content, leaving its quality traits below those of wheat.