<p>Sugarcane, a major crop in the world, is crucial to the production of bioethanol and biodiesel. Additionally, because of its high sugar content, it is an important food crop. For sugarcane and other crops, conventional breeding and trait improvement is a laborious and time-consuming process. The process of creating new plant varieties, improving desired traits, and raising disease-resistant plants has been greatly impacted by biotechnology. This review primarily looks at the main biotechnology techniques for raising agricultural productivity and quality, with a focus on how they are applied to better sugarcane crop. The tissue culture, precision breeding, functional genomics, and advanced genomic tools are the approaches now being studied to get the desirable traits in the crops. The review emphasizes the advantages of each strategy, specifically noting their combined usage to address complex qualities like improved yield, stress tolerance, and disease resistance. Furthermore, it will specifically address the difficulties related to the implementation of these strategies. This review consolidates the most recent research findings and provides a valuable reference for academics, breeders, and collaborators that are interested in increasing the benefits of biotechnology for sustainable sugarcane enhancement.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>