<p>Syphilis infection is a sexually transmitted disease whose prevalence is increasing. It is divided into distinct stages and can affect all organ systems, manifesting in a variety of clinical ways, depending on the stage. The symptoms can be very similar to those of collagenosis, including systemic lupus erythematosus, and the same laboratory findings can also be observed in both types of disease. Antibody diagnostics and biopsy are crucial in confirming a diagnosis. It is imperative that antibodies are always classified within the context of the suspected disease, as anticardiolipin antibodies can also occur in syphilis infection. In the event of a confirmed syphilis infection, the administration of anti-infective therapy is imperative. Furthermore, it is essential that the sexual partner is treated and screened for other sexually transmitted pathogens. It is necessary for specialists to exercise caution and avoid misdiagnosis, particularly in cases of suspected infectious diseases, by considering appropriate differential diagnoses.</p>