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<p>In the ancient rivers of Iraq, <i>Barbus xanthopterus</i> (yellowfin barbell—family Cyprinidae) is one of the economically important fish species but is continuously facing extinction. In the same habitat, two other important species in the same family are not endangered: <i>Mesopotamian himri</i> (Himri) and <i>Arabibarbus grypus</i> (Shabout). This study assessed the use of COX1 as a genetic marker to differentiate among these three species. Sequencing results indicated the detection of seventy-four nucleic acid differences among the compared species, with the yellowfin barbel showing 66 unique differences compared to Himri and Shabout. Median-joining network analysis showed that Himri occupied an intermediate position between the yellowfin barbel and Shabout. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the genetic divergence of the yellowfin barbel and indicated that it descended from an ancestor distinct from the common ancestor shared by Himri and Shabout. The present study infers that <i>COX1</i> sequences exhibit a high level of phylogenetic discrimination among the species of the Cyprinidae family. This study suggests possible evolutionary insights, indicating that the non-endangered species show more potential for survival compared to their endangered counterpart.</p>

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Genetic insights into the endangered yellowfin barbel in Iraqi rivers: a COX1—based approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月3日

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  • Firas M. Al-Khafaji,
  • Mohanad O. Al-Jubouri,
  • Abbas J. Al-Faisal,
  • Thamer R. S. Aljubouri,
  • Mohammed Baqur S. Al-Shuhaib

摘要

In the ancient rivers of Iraq, Barbus xanthopterus (yellowfin barbell—family Cyprinidae) is one of the economically important fish species but is continuously facing extinction. In the same habitat, two other important species in the same family are not endangered: Mesopotamian himri (Himri) and Arabibarbus grypus (Shabout). This study assessed the use of COX1 as a genetic marker to differentiate among these three species. Sequencing results indicated the detection of seventy-four nucleic acid differences among the compared species, with the yellowfin barbel showing 66 unique differences compared to Himri and Shabout. Median-joining network analysis showed that Himri occupied an intermediate position between the yellowfin barbel and Shabout. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the genetic divergence of the yellowfin barbel and indicated that it descended from an ancestor distinct from the common ancestor shared by Himri and Shabout. The present study infers that COX1 sequences exhibit a high level of phylogenetic discrimination among the species of the Cyprinidae family. This study suggests possible evolutionary insights, indicating that the non-endangered species show more potential for survival compared to their endangered counterpart.