Designing Durable Pt Single-Atom Catalysts for Renewable Hydrogen: Perspective on Supports, Structures, and Stability
摘要
Platinum (Pt) remains the benchmark catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), yet its high cost and limited abundance demand strategies that maximize atomic efficiency. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer near-perfect Pt utilization, but their practical deployment is hindered by atom migration and support degradation, especially under harsh electrochemical conditions. This Perspective explores the recent advances in stabilizing Pt SACs for renewable hydrogen production, emphasizing the critical role of support engineering, synthetic strategies, and local atomic environments. We highlight heterostructured supports, defect-rich frameworks, and dual-atom interfaces that anchor Pt atoms with high stability and catalytic activity. Advanced synthesis methods—including atomic layer deposition, template-assisted embedding, alloying, and high-energy laser/flame techniques—are discussed for their ability to create robust Pt–support interactions. Finally, we outline future directions for designing long-lived Pt SACs, focusing on dynamic support systems, dual-function interfaces, and in situ adaptive stabilization. This Perspective aims to guide the rational design of next-generation Pt SACs for scalable, durable hydrogen generation technologies.
Graphical Abstract