Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Biosensor for Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide in Milk Using Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized on a Functionalized MWCNT/Coconut Shell Composite Electrode
摘要
In this work, coconut shell powder (CSP) grafted functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (FMWCNTs) were drop-coated onto a platinum (Pt) electrode, and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was chemically immobilized on the modified surface to achieve sensitive and selective hydrogen peroxide detection. Through EDC/NHS coupling, a robust bioelectrode (HRP/FMWCNT/CSP/PTSA/Pt) was fabricated and thoroughly characterized by FTIR, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, EDX, TGA, FESEM, CV, EIS, and DPV. DPV analysis exhibited a fast response toward hydrogen peroxide at -0.01 V, delivering high sensitivity (0.11424 µA/µM) and a low detection limit (0.53 µM) across a linear range of 5–110 µM. The small Michaelis–Menten constant (Km = 12.32 µM) reflects strong enzymatic affinity for hydrogen peroxide at the electrode interface. The biosensor also demonstrated excellent reproducibility, repeatability, and stability, with variations below 2%, and was successfully utilized for hydrogen peroxide quantification in bovine milk samples. Overall, this work introduces a novel, tunable biomaterial platform for biosensor design and highlights its potential as an efficient tool for point-of-care testing (POCT) applications.
Graphical Abstract