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<p>Esophageal cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies of the digestive tract worldwide. Although surgical resection remains the primary curative treatment, patients are highly vulnerable to postoperative malnutrition because of tumor-related dysphagia, surgical stress, reconstruction-related gastrointestinal dysfunction, and adjuvant treatment. This narrative review, supported by a structured literature search, summarizes current evidence on nutritional assessment and intervention after esophagectomy. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and major guideline sources were searched for English-language publications from January 2013 to March 2026. NRS-2002 and MUST remain practical screening tools, whereas GLIM criteria combined with muscle-mass and functional assessment improve diagnostic specificity and prognostic relevance. Enteral nutrition is preferred when gastrointestinal function permits, but comparisons with parenteral nutrition should be interpreted cautiously because of confounding by indication. Immunonutrition, prehabilitation, early oral feeding, tube feeding, home enteral nutrition, and dietitian-led follow-up show potential benefits, although their evidence strength varies across study designs. We further propose a stage-specific clinical framework integrating early risk screening, GLIM-based diagnosis, individualized route selection, monitoring of sarcopenia and micronutrient deficiencies, and long-term outpatient management. Future studies should prioritize standardized outcomes, external validation of predictive models, and multicenter trials evaluating integrated nutritional pathways.</p>

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Research progress on assessment tools and intervention strategies for postoperative malnutrition in esophageal cancer

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Yuting Pan,
  • Jiadan Zhang,
  • Qiong Zhao,
  • Dawei Chen,
  • Yun Zheng

摘要

Esophageal cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies of the digestive tract worldwide. Although surgical resection remains the primary curative treatment, patients are highly vulnerable to postoperative malnutrition because of tumor-related dysphagia, surgical stress, reconstruction-related gastrointestinal dysfunction, and adjuvant treatment. This narrative review, supported by a structured literature search, summarizes current evidence on nutritional assessment and intervention after esophagectomy. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and major guideline sources were searched for English-language publications from January 2013 to March 2026. NRS-2002 and MUST remain practical screening tools, whereas GLIM criteria combined with muscle-mass and functional assessment improve diagnostic specificity and prognostic relevance. Enteral nutrition is preferred when gastrointestinal function permits, but comparisons with parenteral nutrition should be interpreted cautiously because of confounding by indication. Immunonutrition, prehabilitation, early oral feeding, tube feeding, home enteral nutrition, and dietitian-led follow-up show potential benefits, although their evidence strength varies across study designs. We further propose a stage-specific clinical framework integrating early risk screening, GLIM-based diagnosis, individualized route selection, monitoring of sarcopenia and micronutrient deficiencies, and long-term outpatient management. Future studies should prioritize standardized outcomes, external validation of predictive models, and multicenter trials evaluating integrated nutritional pathways.