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<p>Breast cancer is among the most prevalent forms of cancer. The conventional modalities employed in the management of breast cancer include mainly surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. The enhanced comprehension of the complex pathobiology of breast cancer has resulted in the emergence of immunotherapy as a highly auspicious therapeutic approach. This is a narrative review focusing on nanotechnology‑enabled immunotherapy strategies for breast cancer, at the interface of tumor immunology and nanomedicine. We highlight lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanomaterials, virus-like particles, and extracellular vesicle-based systems that modulate the anti-tumor immune response. Immunotherapy stimulates the patient's immune system to selectively recognize and eliminate cancerous cells. The present methodology focuses on the primary molecular constituents of neoplastic tissue and offers a potentially novel therapeutic strategy. Comprehending the intricate interplay between neoplastic cells and immunological components is paramount for devising efficacious therapeutic interventions. Immunotherapy can not only eliminate tumors but also be proven effective in impeding metastasis and recurrence. The implementation of immunotherapy in clinical settings has encountered certain constraints, such as weak immune responses resulting from insufficient delivery of immunostimulants to target cells and unregulated modulation of the immune system, leading to the development of autoimmunity and non-specific inflammation. Nanomedicines offer a unique opportunity to maximize the efficacy of immunotherapy and significantly reduce its side effects. The present article discusses the latest developments in breast cancer immunotherapy involving nanotechnology. These advancements encompass a range of approaches, including the direct stimulation of the immune system via the administration of tumor antigens and adjuvants to immune cells, the modification of the tumor microenvironment to reduce immunosuppression, and integration with other therapeutic modalities. We summarise current evidence, identify critical knowledge gaps, and outline future directions for biomarker-guided and combination nano-immunotherapy trials in breast cancer.</p>

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Emerging nanoimmunotherapeutic strategies for breast cancer

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月3日

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  • Gauri Panzade,
  • Atharva Anand Mahajan,
  • Siva Parsad Panda,
  • Ujjayita Chowdhury,
  • Rohit Krishnan Iyer,
  • Subhrojyoti Ghosh,
  • Madhurima Koley,
  • Akanksha Bhattacharya,
  • Avishek Chatterjee,
  • Anuvab Dey,
  • Chandrika Sarkar,
  • Ankita Chowdhury,
  • Bhaskarjyaa Chatterjee,
  • Souvadra Das,
  • Shrimanti Das,
  • Souhardya Bandyopadhyay,
  • Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran,
  • Prakash Gangadaran,
  • Byeong-Cheol Ahn,
  • Saurabh Kumar Jha

摘要

Breast cancer is among the most prevalent forms of cancer. The conventional modalities employed in the management of breast cancer include mainly surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. The enhanced comprehension of the complex pathobiology of breast cancer has resulted in the emergence of immunotherapy as a highly auspicious therapeutic approach. This is a narrative review focusing on nanotechnology‑enabled immunotherapy strategies for breast cancer, at the interface of tumor immunology and nanomedicine. We highlight lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanomaterials, virus-like particles, and extracellular vesicle-based systems that modulate the anti-tumor immune response. Immunotherapy stimulates the patient's immune system to selectively recognize and eliminate cancerous cells. The present methodology focuses on the primary molecular constituents of neoplastic tissue and offers a potentially novel therapeutic strategy. Comprehending the intricate interplay between neoplastic cells and immunological components is paramount for devising efficacious therapeutic interventions. Immunotherapy can not only eliminate tumors but also be proven effective in impeding metastasis and recurrence. The implementation of immunotherapy in clinical settings has encountered certain constraints, such as weak immune responses resulting from insufficient delivery of immunostimulants to target cells and unregulated modulation of the immune system, leading to the development of autoimmunity and non-specific inflammation. Nanomedicines offer a unique opportunity to maximize the efficacy of immunotherapy and significantly reduce its side effects. The present article discusses the latest developments in breast cancer immunotherapy involving nanotechnology. These advancements encompass a range of approaches, including the direct stimulation of the immune system via the administration of tumor antigens and adjuvants to immune cells, the modification of the tumor microenvironment to reduce immunosuppression, and integration with other therapeutic modalities. We summarise current evidence, identify critical knowledge gaps, and outline future directions for biomarker-guided and combination nano-immunotherapy trials in breast cancer.