<p>Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) represents a rapid analytical technique grounded in atomic emission spectroscopy, which has revealed considerable diagnostic capabilities within the biomedical sector in recent years. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the underlying principles, methodological advancements, clinical applications, and existing challenges related to LIBS technology in the detection of malignant tumors. By examining the disparities in elemental composition between tissue samples, LIBS proficiently distinguishes normal tissue from cancerous tissue, thereby providing valuable insights for the early detection of tumors, margin delineation, and treatment monitoring. The article further investigates the potential of amalgamating LIBS with other diagnostic modalities and deliberates on the future trajectories of this technology in translational medicine.</p>