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<p>Cervical cancer remains a major global health burden, particularly in settings with limited access to screening and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Although surgery and chemoradiation can achieve high cure rates in early-stage disease, outcomes for persistent, recurrent, or metastatic disease remain poor, highlighting the need for more effective and individualized systemic therapies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become integral to the treatment landscape, yet clinical benefit is modest for many patients and biomarker guidance remains imperfect. In this review, we define “precision management” as the biomarker- and microenvironment-informed selection of immunotherapy-based regimens across disease settings, coupled with rational combination design to overcome resistance. We synthesize cervical cancer–specific immune biology, including HPV-mediated immune evasion, and critically compare pivotal positive and negative clinical trials to explain why certain combinations succeed or fail. Finally, we discuss translational enablers—robust biomarkers, optimized delivery platforms, and functional models such as organoids—that may accelerate evidence-based personalization of immunotherapy in cervical cancer.</p>

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Precision management of cervical cancer emphasizes immunotherapy combination regimens and translational advances

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • Huan Shi,
  • Xinyun Huang,
  • Jie Yu,
  • Weiyan Shan,
  • Jingxia Zhang,
  • Qiaoping Xu,
  • Hongkai Shang

摘要

Cervical cancer remains a major global health burden, particularly in settings with limited access to screening and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Although surgery and chemoradiation can achieve high cure rates in early-stage disease, outcomes for persistent, recurrent, or metastatic disease remain poor, highlighting the need for more effective and individualized systemic therapies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become integral to the treatment landscape, yet clinical benefit is modest for many patients and biomarker guidance remains imperfect. In this review, we define “precision management” as the biomarker- and microenvironment-informed selection of immunotherapy-based regimens across disease settings, coupled with rational combination design to overcome resistance. We synthesize cervical cancer–specific immune biology, including HPV-mediated immune evasion, and critically compare pivotal positive and negative clinical trials to explain why certain combinations succeed or fail. Finally, we discuss translational enablers—robust biomarkers, optimized delivery platforms, and functional models such as organoids—that may accelerate evidence-based personalization of immunotherapy in cervical cancer.