Background <p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exert a crucial role in the progression of lung cancer (LC) and can serve as prognostic biomarkers.</p> Aim <p>To analyze the prognostic value of miR-3613-5p and its regulatory effect on XPO6 in LC, this study was conducted.</p> Methods <p>The expression of miR-3613-5p and XPO6 was detected using qRT-PCR. The miRDB database was employed to predict XPO6 as a target gene of miR-3613-5p, and a dual-luciferase reporter assay was further used to verify their interaction. Cell proliferation was assessed using the CCK-8, while cell migration and invasion were evaluated via the Transwell.</p> Results <p>miR-3613-5p was notably overexpressed in LC, and its expression was notably associated with smoking history, TNM stage, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis. High miR-3613-5p expression was closely related to poor survival in patients diagnosed with LC, and miR-3613-5p could act as an independent prognostic factor. Database prediction results indicated that miR-3613-5p directly targets XPO6, which was further verified by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. Additionally, XPO6 could offset the promoting effect of miR-3613-5p.</p> Conclusion <p>The miR-3613-5p-XPO6 axis may act as a LC therapeutic target, and novel therapeutic strategies for LC could be developed based on this axis.</p>