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Objectives <p>Envy arises from upward social comparisons wherein the envier feels unfairly disadvantaged. Envy is consistently associated with increased symptoms of depression and anxiety. Thus far, envy has not been the target of clinical remediation, despite the potential exacerbating effects of this emotion on psychological disorder symptoms. In this proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial, we augmented a brief, online, self-help mindfulness and self-compassion intervention (Mind-OP+) to target the reduction of envy specifically.</p> Method <p>A total of 141 university student participants who were enrolled in undergraduate psychology courses were recruited and randomized into the Mind-OP+ (<i>n</i> = 76) or waitlist control condition (<i>n</i> = 65). We examined changes in the primary outcome of dispositional envy (DES). We also examined changes in secondary outcomes, including depression, anxiety, perceived stress (DASS-21), self-compassion (SCS-SF), and dispositional mindfulness (FFMQ-15) between conditions and across the 7-week trial period.</p> Results <p>Intent-to-treat mixed linear models revealed significant interaction effects supporting the efficacy of Mind-OP+ in reducing dispositional envy, depression, and stress from pre- to post-intervention compared to the waitlist control condition. The interaction effect on anxiety was not significant. Per-protocol repeated-measures ANOVAs confirmed the effects for envy and stress. Furthermore, compared to the waitlist participants, the Mind-OP+ participants reported significantly higher self-compassion and dispositional mindfulness scores over the trial period. Pre-post within-group effect sizes ranged from medium (depression, stress) to large (dispositional envy) effects.</p> Conclusions <p>A brief, self-help intervention specifically targeting envy demonstrated preliminary efficacy in reducing this tendency throughout the 7-week trial. This trial is a proof-of-concept that targeting envy through brief interventions is feasible and worthwhile, given the close relationship between this emotion and symptoms of distress.</p> Preregistration <p>This trial was not pre-registered; it was registered retrospectively on the Open Science Framework, after data collection (February 17, 2025; <a href="https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/96PHE">https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/96PHE</a>).</p>

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Reducing Dispositional Envy Through a Brief Online Mindfulness and Self-Compassion Intervention: A Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial of Mind-OP+

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Shadi Beshai,
  • Saba Salimuddin,
  • Ali Bukhari,
  • Justin Feeney

摘要

Objectives

Envy arises from upward social comparisons wherein the envier feels unfairly disadvantaged. Envy is consistently associated with increased symptoms of depression and anxiety. Thus far, envy has not been the target of clinical remediation, despite the potential exacerbating effects of this emotion on psychological disorder symptoms. In this proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial, we augmented a brief, online, self-help mindfulness and self-compassion intervention (Mind-OP+) to target the reduction of envy specifically.

Method

A total of 141 university student participants who were enrolled in undergraduate psychology courses were recruited and randomized into the Mind-OP+ (n = 76) or waitlist control condition (n = 65). We examined changes in the primary outcome of dispositional envy (DES). We also examined changes in secondary outcomes, including depression, anxiety, perceived stress (DASS-21), self-compassion (SCS-SF), and dispositional mindfulness (FFMQ-15) between conditions and across the 7-week trial period.

Results

Intent-to-treat mixed linear models revealed significant interaction effects supporting the efficacy of Mind-OP+ in reducing dispositional envy, depression, and stress from pre- to post-intervention compared to the waitlist control condition. The interaction effect on anxiety was not significant. Per-protocol repeated-measures ANOVAs confirmed the effects for envy and stress. Furthermore, compared to the waitlist participants, the Mind-OP+ participants reported significantly higher self-compassion and dispositional mindfulness scores over the trial period. Pre-post within-group effect sizes ranged from medium (depression, stress) to large (dispositional envy) effects.

Conclusions

A brief, self-help intervention specifically targeting envy demonstrated preliminary efficacy in reducing this tendency throughout the 7-week trial. This trial is a proof-of-concept that targeting envy through brief interventions is feasible and worthwhile, given the close relationship between this emotion and symptoms of distress.

Preregistration

This trial was not pre-registered; it was registered retrospectively on the Open Science Framework, after data collection (February 17, 2025; https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/96PHE).