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Objectives <p>This study examined five dimensions of Islamic mindfulness—<i>dhikr</i> (remembrance), <i>khushū</i>ʿ (devotional presence), <i>murāqabah</i> (self-monitoring), <i>tafakkur</i> (reflective contemplation), and <i>tazkiyat al-nafs</i> (self-purification)—and compared them with the five facets of secular mindfulness: Observing, Describing, Acting with Awareness, Non-judging, and Non-reactivity.</p> Method <p>A narrative theoretical review method was used. The study analyzed theological and empirical sources published between 1990 and 2025. Peer-reviewed research and classical texts were reviewed to identify key conceptual and regulatory mechanisms.</p> Results <p>The analysis showed points of convergence in attentional and emotional regulation between the two frameworks and highlights the ethical and teleological structure specific to the Islamic model.</p> Conclusions <p>The findings suggest a preliminary comparative conceptual framework that relates Islamic contemplative practices to secular mindfulness approaches by clarifying areas of convergence in regulatory mechanisms, while explicitly acknowledging the conceptual and methodological limitations inherent in a narrative theoretical review and emphasizing the distinct ethical–teleological orientation of the Islamic model.</p>

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Five Dimensions of Islamic Mindfulness and Their Parallels with the Five Facets of Secular Mindfulness: A Narrative Theoretical Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月21日

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  • Aamer Aldbyani,
  • Mohammed Fahd Obaid Al-Harbi

摘要

Objectives

This study examined five dimensions of Islamic mindfulness—dhikr (remembrance), khushūʿ (devotional presence), murāqabah (self-monitoring), tafakkur (reflective contemplation), and tazkiyat al-nafs (self-purification)—and compared them with the five facets of secular mindfulness: Observing, Describing, Acting with Awareness, Non-judging, and Non-reactivity.

Method

A narrative theoretical review method was used. The study analyzed theological and empirical sources published between 1990 and 2025. Peer-reviewed research and classical texts were reviewed to identify key conceptual and regulatory mechanisms.

Results

The analysis showed points of convergence in attentional and emotional regulation between the two frameworks and highlights the ethical and teleological structure specific to the Islamic model.

Conclusions

The findings suggest a preliminary comparative conceptual framework that relates Islamic contemplative practices to secular mindfulness approaches by clarifying areas of convergence in regulatory mechanisms, while explicitly acknowledging the conceptual and methodological limitations inherent in a narrative theoretical review and emphasizing the distinct ethical–teleological orientation of the Islamic model.