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Objectives <p>Quantitative modeling studies have identified two transdiagnostic latent domains reflecting over- and under-controlled psychopathology that account for common mental disorders that differ in prevalence across gender. This line of research has led to the identification of other transdiagnostic factors that play a role in the expression of psychopathology such as present-moment awareness (PMA) and distress tolerance (DT). Although PMA and DT are conceptually distinct, they are positively correlated, and both are inversely associated with psychopathology. Yet, it is not clear whether PMA and DT in combination similarly predict psychopathology and if gender may moderate such associations.</p> Methods <p>A large college sample (<i>n</i> = 1018) of men and women completed measures of PMA and DT and symptoms of over- (depression, anxiety) and under-controlled (alcohol abuse, aggression) psychopathology. A structural equation model (SEM) approach was utilized to test for measurement invariance across gender and examine the direct effects of PMA and DT on the latent psychopathology domains.</p> Results <p>The SEM results indicated that PMA and DT each contributed to the prediction of psychopathology, with generally uniform effects across gender. However, for women, PMA accounted for a greater reduction in alcohol use, while for men DT accounted for a greater reduction in symptoms of over-controlled psychopathology. The SEM results are bolstered by evidence of scalar invariance for symptoms and PMA and DT.</p> Conclusions <p>The current study provided evidence that PMA and DT can be assessed without bias across gender, and both significantly accounted for symptoms of psychopathology.</p>

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Associations of Present-Moment Awareness and Distress Tolerance with Internalizing and Externalizing Psychopathology in a College Sample of Men and Women: A Structural Equation Modeling Measurement Invariance Approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月29日

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  • John Engle,
  • Ella Commerce,
  • Mariia Mezhenska,
  • Craig S. Neumann

摘要

Objectives

Quantitative modeling studies have identified two transdiagnostic latent domains reflecting over- and under-controlled psychopathology that account for common mental disorders that differ in prevalence across gender. This line of research has led to the identification of other transdiagnostic factors that play a role in the expression of psychopathology such as present-moment awareness (PMA) and distress tolerance (DT). Although PMA and DT are conceptually distinct, they are positively correlated, and both are inversely associated with psychopathology. Yet, it is not clear whether PMA and DT in combination similarly predict psychopathology and if gender may moderate such associations.

Methods

A large college sample (n = 1018) of men and women completed measures of PMA and DT and symptoms of over- (depression, anxiety) and under-controlled (alcohol abuse, aggression) psychopathology. A structural equation model (SEM) approach was utilized to test for measurement invariance across gender and examine the direct effects of PMA and DT on the latent psychopathology domains.

Results

The SEM results indicated that PMA and DT each contributed to the prediction of psychopathology, with generally uniform effects across gender. However, for women, PMA accounted for a greater reduction in alcohol use, while for men DT accounted for a greater reduction in symptoms of over-controlled psychopathology. The SEM results are bolstered by evidence of scalar invariance for symptoms and PMA and DT.

Conclusions

The current study provided evidence that PMA and DT can be assessed without bias across gender, and both significantly accounted for symptoms of psychopathology.