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Objectives <p>This study’s main goal was to test whether&#xa0;rumination reduction and increase in insight&#xa0;into one’s psychological states&#xa0;are&#xa0;mechanisms through which the&#xa0;Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction&#xa0;(MBSR)&#xa0;program achieves its effects on positive and negative&#xa0;emotional states.</p> Methods <p>A quasi-experimental study was conducted on a sample of 276 CBT psychotherapy&#xa0;trainees, of whom 180 were in the program&#xa0;group (87% female, <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 32). Measures of mindfulness, rumination, and insight, as well as negative and positive feelings, were completed&#xa0;prior to and following the program.</p> Results <p>The program was effective in increasing mindfulness (<i>η</i><sub><i>p</i></sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.24, 90% CI [0.17, 0.31]), reducing rumination (<i>η</i><sub><i>p</i></sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.11 90% CI [0.06, 0.17]) and increasing positive emotions (<i>η</i><sub><i>p</i></sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.09 90% CI [0.04, 0.15]), especially those relating to relaxation and warmth (<i>η</i><sub><i>p</i></sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.2 90% CI [0.13, 0.27]). Reduction in&#xa0;negative emotions was moderate (<i>η</i><sub><i>p</i></sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.04 90% CI [0.01, 0.09]), while insight increase approached significance (<i>η</i><sub><i>p</i></sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.01&#xa0;90% CI [0, 0.04]). Mindfulness achieved a strong direct effect on reducing negative and increasing positive emotional states. Rumination reduction partially mediated the relationship between mindfulness and negative emotions.&#xa0;Rumination reduction was a stronger mediator in comparison to increase in insight, which was not significant. The model yielded a good fit (<i>χ</i><sup>2</sup> (9, 269) = 20.529, <i>p</i> = 0.015, CFI = 0.984, GFI = 0.977, TLI = 0.973, RMSEA = 0.069).</p> Conclusions <p>The results suggest that the MBSR program is effective in reducing negative emotional states, and especially in&#xa0;increasing positive feelings of relaxation and warmth. Reducing rumination by focusing on the present is a more important mindfulness mechanism than&#xa0;insight.</p>

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How Does the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program Achieve Its Effects on Emotional States? The Mediating Effects of Rumination Reduction and Increase in Insight

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月21日

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  • Matija Gvozden,
  • Ivana Peruničić Mladenović,
  • Danka Purić,
  • Ksenija Krstić

摘要

Objectives

This study’s main goal was to test whether rumination reduction and increase in insight into one’s psychological states are mechanisms through which the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program achieves its effects on positive and negative emotional states.

Methods

A quasi-experimental study was conducted on a sample of 276 CBT psychotherapy trainees, of whom 180 were in the program group (87% female, Mage = 32). Measures of mindfulness, rumination, and insight, as well as negative and positive feelings, were completed prior to and following the program.

Results

The program was effective in increasing mindfulness (ηp2 = 0.24, 90% CI [0.17, 0.31]), reducing rumination (ηp2 = 0.11 90% CI [0.06, 0.17]) and increasing positive emotions (ηp2 = 0.09 90% CI [0.04, 0.15]), especially those relating to relaxation and warmth (ηp2 = 0.2 90% CI [0.13, 0.27]). Reduction in negative emotions was moderate (ηp2 = 0.04 90% CI [0.01, 0.09]), while insight increase approached significance (ηp2 = 0.01 90% CI [0, 0.04]). Mindfulness achieved a strong direct effect on reducing negative and increasing positive emotional states. Rumination reduction partially mediated the relationship between mindfulness and negative emotions. Rumination reduction was a stronger mediator in comparison to increase in insight, which was not significant. The model yielded a good fit (χ2 (9, 269) = 20.529, p = 0.015, CFI = 0.984, GFI = 0.977, TLI = 0.973, RMSEA = 0.069).

Conclusions

The results suggest that the MBSR program is effective in reducing negative emotional states, and especially in increasing positive feelings of relaxation and warmth. Reducing rumination by focusing on the present is a more important mindfulness mechanism than insight.