Objectives <p>Self-compassion has already been well studied for mental health and well-being on an inter-individual level. On the intra-individual level, however, little research has been done on self-compassion and its possible correlations with other variables. This study aimed to examine the moderating effect of neuroticism on the relation between momentary self-compassion and momentary coping and examines this interaction more specifically by dividing self-compassion in its two subscales compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding.</p> Method <p>A total of 210 participants completed measures of momentary self-compassion, momentary coping, and trait neuroticism among other measures via their smartphones. The ambulatory assessment design consisted of three measurements per day (morning, afternoon, evening) for 7&#xa0;days.</p> Results <p>The association between more momentary self-compassion and momentary emotional approach coping was strengthened by lower levels of neuroticism, whereas no moderation effect could be found for the other two subscales (problem-focused and emotional avoidance coping). Considering the self-compassion subscales, the association between compassionate self-responding and more emotional approach coping is strengthened by lower levels of neuroticism as well as the association between compassionate self-responding and more emotional avoidance coping is strengthened by higher levels of neuroticism.</p> Conclusions <p>The results provide insights into the moderating effect the personality trait neuroticism has on the relation of self-compassion and coping on state level, which has implications for future research.</p> Preregistration <p>This study is preregistered (10.17605/OSF.IO/SBNJ7).</p>