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<p>Climate-driven soil salinization and temperature extremes increasingly threaten global wheat production, yet conventional mitigation strategies are limited by poor bioavailability and environmental trade-offs. This study synthesized molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles (MoO₃NPs) stabilized with four chemically distinct agents (amylopectin, methylcellulose, lysine, cocamidopropyl betaine) and systematically evaluated their stabilizer-dependent effects on a rhizobacterial consortium (<i>Ensifer meliloti</i>, <i>E. mexicanus</i>, <i>Rhizobium tropici</i>) and on wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) under salinity (-5% NaCl) and temperature (-10&#xa0;°C to + 50&#xa0;°C) stress. Density functional theory calculations revealed binding energies &gt; 70&#xa0;kcal/mol for all stabilizers, with methylcellulose (MC) showing optimal electronic coupling (η ≈ 0.07&#xa0;eV). FTIR and SEM confirmed stabilizer-specific surface functionalization and morphology. MC-MoO<sub>3</sub>NPs uniquely enhanced bacterial growth and metabolite production, increasing indole-3-acetic acid by u to 95%, gibberellic acidby 139%, and siderophore by 25% without toxicity. Wheat seed priming with MC-MoO<sub>3</sub>NPs (1.0&#xa0;µg/mL) significantly improved germination, stem length, biomass, and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a/b, carotenoids) under stress conditions At 2.5% NaCl, treated plants sowed 55% longer stem and 90% higher biomass than controls; at -10&#xa0;°C and + 50&#xa0;°C, stem length increase by 125 and 83%, respectively. Correlation clustermaps confirmed tight coupling between preserved photosynthetic capacity and growth. MC-MoO<sub>3</sub>NPs could represent a sustainable nano-biostimulant for climate-resilient wheat production.</p>

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Molybdenum Trioxide Nanoparticles Enhance Wheat Tolerance to Salinity and Temperature Stress by Promoting Rhizobacterial Phytohormone Production and Preserving Photosynthetic Pigments

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Andrey Nagdalian,
  • Zafar Rekhman,
  • Alina Askerova,
  • Maxim Pirogov,
  • Lyudmila Asyakina,
  • Yuliya Serazetdinova,
  • Dmitry Golik,
  • Alexey Golik,
  • Andrey Blinov

摘要

Climate-driven soil salinization and temperature extremes increasingly threaten global wheat production, yet conventional mitigation strategies are limited by poor bioavailability and environmental trade-offs. This study synthesized molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles (MoO₃NPs) stabilized with four chemically distinct agents (amylopectin, methylcellulose, lysine, cocamidopropyl betaine) and systematically evaluated their stabilizer-dependent effects on a rhizobacterial consortium (Ensifer meliloti, E. mexicanus, Rhizobium tropici) and on wheat (Triticum aestivum) under salinity (-5% NaCl) and temperature (-10 °C to + 50 °C) stress. Density functional theory calculations revealed binding energies > 70 kcal/mol for all stabilizers, with methylcellulose (MC) showing optimal electronic coupling (η ≈ 0.07 eV). FTIR and SEM confirmed stabilizer-specific surface functionalization and morphology. MC-MoO3NPs uniquely enhanced bacterial growth and metabolite production, increasing indole-3-acetic acid by u to 95%, gibberellic acidby 139%, and siderophore by 25% without toxicity. Wheat seed priming with MC-MoO3NPs (1.0 µg/mL) significantly improved germination, stem length, biomass, and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a/b, carotenoids) under stress conditions At 2.5% NaCl, treated plants sowed 55% longer stem and 90% higher biomass than controls; at -10 °C and + 50 °C, stem length increase by 125 and 83%, respectively. Correlation clustermaps confirmed tight coupling between preserved photosynthetic capacity and growth. MC-MoO3NPs could represent a sustainable nano-biostimulant for climate-resilient wheat production.