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<p>Traditional solid microneedle transdermal drug delivery relies solely on diffusion to achieve drug delivery, a mechanism limited by slow delivery rates and uncontrollable delivery volumes. This paper proposes a transdermal delivery system integrating metal microneedles with a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), combining microneedle penetration and electroporation to address the limitations of single-mechanism transdermal delivery and improve delivery efficiency. First, metal microneedle blanks were fabricated using wire-cut EDM. Subsequently, microneedles were prepared with parameters including an electric current density of 20&#xa0;A/dm², an etching temperature of 50&#xa0;°C, and electrochemical polishing for 10&#xa0;min. The effects of different parameters on experimental results showed that PDMS doped with 1% carbon nanotubes exhibited the best overall performance among the tested negative electrode materials, while a 300&#xa0;μm aluminum foil positive electrode showed superior overall output under low-frequency operating conditions relevant to manual pressing.Comprehensive testing indicated that the microneedles possessed sufficient mechanical robustness for skin insertion under the tested conditions, and the TENG generated voltages within a range considered potentially suitable for electroporation-assisted transdermal delivery. Finally, the feasibility of the system was preliminarily demonstrated through in vitro and in vivo transdermal drug delivery experiments.</p>

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Research on Triboelectric-Based Metal Microneedle Drug Delivery Systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月25日

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  • Wenhao Zhang,
  • Xiaoxiao Yan,
  • Wenkang Zhao,
  • Jiajun Wu,
  • Zhibiao Li,
  • Gang Tang,
  • Xidong Wu

摘要

Traditional solid microneedle transdermal drug delivery relies solely on diffusion to achieve drug delivery, a mechanism limited by slow delivery rates and uncontrollable delivery volumes. This paper proposes a transdermal delivery system integrating metal microneedles with a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), combining microneedle penetration and electroporation to address the limitations of single-mechanism transdermal delivery and improve delivery efficiency. First, metal microneedle blanks were fabricated using wire-cut EDM. Subsequently, microneedles were prepared with parameters including an electric current density of 20 A/dm², an etching temperature of 50 °C, and electrochemical polishing for 10 min. The effects of different parameters on experimental results showed that PDMS doped with 1% carbon nanotubes exhibited the best overall performance among the tested negative electrode materials, while a 300 μm aluminum foil positive electrode showed superior overall output under low-frequency operating conditions relevant to manual pressing.Comprehensive testing indicated that the microneedles possessed sufficient mechanical robustness for skin insertion under the tested conditions, and the TENG generated voltages within a range considered potentially suitable for electroporation-assisted transdermal delivery. Finally, the feasibility of the system was preliminarily demonstrated through in vitro and in vivo transdermal drug delivery experiments.