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<p>The development of non-antibiotic antimicrobial systems has gained increasing attention due to the limitations of conventional treatments. In this study, a green synthesized Cu<sub>2</sub>O and NiO loaded starch-<i>cl</i>-gum acacia polymeric nanocomposite hydrogel was developed and evaluated for UV-A induced photokilling of <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The nanocomposite, synthesized using <i>Zingiber officinale</i> root extract, exhibited a high swelling capacity of 1582 ± 5.5%, a point of zero charge of 9.32, indicating a favourable stability and surface charge interactions. Under UV-A irradiation (365&#xa0;nm), the nanocomposite demonstrated a strong concentration and time dependent antibacterial effect, reducing bacterial counts from 90 CFU to 3 CFU at 5&#xa0;mg/mL within 180&#xa0;min, corresponding to a photokilling efficiency of 97.02 ± 0.31%. Reactive oxygen species scavenger studies revealed that photogenerated holes (h⁺) play a dominant role in the antibacterial mechanism, with superoxide anions (O₂•⁻) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) contributing significantly, while singlet oxygen (¹O₂) exhibits a comparatively minor role. ICP-OES analysis revealed a minimal metal ion release of 0.34 and 1.50 ppm for Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Ni<sup>2+</sup>, respectively, suggesting that the antibacterial activity is mainly driven by ROS-mediated oxidative stress instead of ion toxicity. These results show that the developed biodegradable nanocomposite is an effective light-activated antibacterial system with possible uses in the biomedical and environmental sectors.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Green-Synthesized Cu2O and NiO@Starch-cl-Gum Acacia Polymeric Nanocomposite for UV-Induced Photokilling of Escherichia coli

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Aishwarya Bhaskaralingam,
  • Pooja Dhiman,
  • Alberto García-Peñas,
  • Gaurav Sharma

摘要

The development of non-antibiotic antimicrobial systems has gained increasing attention due to the limitations of conventional treatments. In this study, a green synthesized Cu2O and NiO loaded starch-cl-gum acacia polymeric nanocomposite hydrogel was developed and evaluated for UV-A induced photokilling of Escherichia coli. The nanocomposite, synthesized using Zingiber officinale root extract, exhibited a high swelling capacity of 1582 ± 5.5%, a point of zero charge of 9.32, indicating a favourable stability and surface charge interactions. Under UV-A irradiation (365 nm), the nanocomposite demonstrated a strong concentration and time dependent antibacterial effect, reducing bacterial counts from 90 CFU to 3 CFU at 5 mg/mL within 180 min, corresponding to a photokilling efficiency of 97.02 ± 0.31%. Reactive oxygen species scavenger studies revealed that photogenerated holes (h⁺) play a dominant role in the antibacterial mechanism, with superoxide anions (O₂•⁻) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) contributing significantly, while singlet oxygen (¹O₂) exhibits a comparatively minor role. ICP-OES analysis revealed a minimal metal ion release of 0.34 and 1.50 ppm for Cu2+ and Ni2+, respectively, suggesting that the antibacterial activity is mainly driven by ROS-mediated oxidative stress instead of ion toxicity. These results show that the developed biodegradable nanocomposite is an effective light-activated antibacterial system with possible uses in the biomedical and environmental sectors.

Graphical Abstract