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<p>The increasing number of microbial infections and antibiotic resistance has led to the emergence need to develop innovative nanomaterials with effective antimicrobial activity. The chitosan-based nanocomposites have shown interesting properties with potential antimicrobial activity. This study synthesized a hetero-photocatalyst composite by solution casting, combining chitosan with a hybrid material of carbon nanodots (CNDs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO). CNDs was derived from olive solid waste using pyrolysis and were mixed and hybridized with ZnO via sol-gel methods. Then, the CNDs/ZnO hybrid was mixed and incorporated into a pale tan, transparent chitosan film to obtain chitosan-hybrid. The composite exhibited enhanced absorption intensity with peaks between 207 and 229&#xa0;nm and at 289&#xa0;nm, with a tail extending into the visible range. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the heterogeneous distribution of hybrid materials forming pineapple rings like shape within the chitosan matrix. Antimicrobial activity tests were also performed against various microbial strains (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>,<i> Klebsiella pneumonia</i>,<i> Escherichia coli</i>,<i> methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)</i>,<i> Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>,<i> Proteus vulgaris</i>,<i> and Aspergillus fumigates</i>) under both dark and visible light modes. The Chitosan-Hybrid exhibited notable antimicrobial activity in the presence of photo-light irradiation, with a minimal inhibitory concentration range (1.95–15.6) µg/L, a 99.99% growth inhibition, and the killing time kinetic of 25&#xa0;min to 1:15&#xa0;h. The glutathione oxidation test and the ROS scavengers experiments confirmed that the antimicrobial activity stemmed from the composite’s ability to generate reactive oxygen species under photo-light irradiation, with a glutathione deficiency oxidation rate of 96.8%. These findings highlight the composite potential as an eco-friendly, effective antimicrobial agent for diverse applications.</p>

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Eco-Friendly Chitosan-Based ZnO/CNDs Hybrid Nanocomposites with Enhanced Photocatalytic Antimicrobial Activity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月14日

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  • Rinad Hamed,
  • Mohyeddin Assali,
  • Shadi Sawalha,
  • Shehdeh Jodeh,
  • Raed Alkowni,
  • Aziza Hussien

摘要

The increasing number of microbial infections and antibiotic resistance has led to the emergence need to develop innovative nanomaterials with effective antimicrobial activity. The chitosan-based nanocomposites have shown interesting properties with potential antimicrobial activity. This study synthesized a hetero-photocatalyst composite by solution casting, combining chitosan with a hybrid material of carbon nanodots (CNDs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO). CNDs was derived from olive solid waste using pyrolysis and were mixed and hybridized with ZnO via sol-gel methods. Then, the CNDs/ZnO hybrid was mixed and incorporated into a pale tan, transparent chitosan film to obtain chitosan-hybrid. The composite exhibited enhanced absorption intensity with peaks between 207 and 229 nm and at 289 nm, with a tail extending into the visible range. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the heterogeneous distribution of hybrid materials forming pineapple rings like shape within the chitosan matrix. Antimicrobial activity tests were also performed against various microbial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Proteus vulgaris, and Aspergillus fumigates) under both dark and visible light modes. The Chitosan-Hybrid exhibited notable antimicrobial activity in the presence of photo-light irradiation, with a minimal inhibitory concentration range (1.95–15.6) µg/L, a 99.99% growth inhibition, and the killing time kinetic of 25 min to 1:15 h. The glutathione oxidation test and the ROS scavengers experiments confirmed that the antimicrobial activity stemmed from the composite’s ability to generate reactive oxygen species under photo-light irradiation, with a glutathione deficiency oxidation rate of 96.8%. These findings highlight the composite potential as an eco-friendly, effective antimicrobial agent for diverse applications.