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<p>Enhancing the mechanical and biological performance of hydroxyapatite (HAP) has long been a research focus. In this study, alumina (Al₂O₃) was incorporated into HAP at 5–50 wt% using a sol–gel-assisted refluxing method to establish structure–property–biocompatibility correlations. Structural analyses (XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDX, BET, and Raman) confirmed Al³⁺ substitution at Ca²⁺ sites with Al–O–P linkage formation. The 5 wt% Al₂O₃/HAP sample exhibited the smallest crystallite size (21.55&#xa0;nm), dense microstructure, highest density (2.065&#xa0;g/cm³), and superior corrosion resistance (0.03 mmpy) due to effective passivation. Higher alumina content led to agglomeration and phase segregation. Mechanical hardness increased at moderate doping, while antioxidant and thrombogenicity tests demonstrated improved redox stability and hemocompatibility for the 5 wt% composite. Overall, controlled low-level alumina incorporation optimally enhances structural integrity, corrosion protection, and bio-functionality, making it promising for orthopaedic and dental implant applications.</p>

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Structure–Property–Biocompatibility Correlation of Varying Concentration of Alumina-Doped Hydroxyapatite Composites for Implant Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Ullas Topno,
  • Raj Bhushan Bara,
  • Deep Shikha,
  • Smit Anand,
  • Sanjay Kumar Sinha

摘要

Enhancing the mechanical and biological performance of hydroxyapatite (HAP) has long been a research focus. In this study, alumina (Al₂O₃) was incorporated into HAP at 5–50 wt% using a sol–gel-assisted refluxing method to establish structure–property–biocompatibility correlations. Structural analyses (XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDX, BET, and Raman) confirmed Al³⁺ substitution at Ca²⁺ sites with Al–O–P linkage formation. The 5 wt% Al₂O₃/HAP sample exhibited the smallest crystallite size (21.55 nm), dense microstructure, highest density (2.065 g/cm³), and superior corrosion resistance (0.03 mmpy) due to effective passivation. Higher alumina content led to agglomeration and phase segregation. Mechanical hardness increased at moderate doping, while antioxidant and thrombogenicity tests demonstrated improved redox stability and hemocompatibility for the 5 wt% composite. Overall, controlled low-level alumina incorporation optimally enhances structural integrity, corrosion protection, and bio-functionality, making it promising for orthopaedic and dental implant applications.