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<p>Thiol-grafted nanosilica (<sub>n</sub>Si-Cys) was engineered to sequester arsenic trioxide (ATO) via As–S binding. The composite, prepared by batch adsorption of As(III) onto cysteine-functionalized SiO₂, reached 94% loading (by mass balance) and retained a negative ζ-potential (reported as an indicator of surface charge, not a surrogate for long-term stability). To anticipate in-vivo behavior, uptake, kinetic retention (12–120&#xa0;h), and 48&#xa0;h desorption were quantified at 37&#xa0;°C in five physiologically relevant media (0.1&#xa0;M HCl, 5% dextrose, distilled water, Ringer’s lactate, normal saline). Uptake was near-quantitative in acidic and low-salt media (C<sub>eq</sub> often &lt; LOD) with minimal desorption over 120&#xa0;h, whereas normal saline showed lower initial uptake (58% at 120&#xa0;h) and higher release (31%). Spectroscopic, XRD, and electron-microscopy data supported preservation of the As–S linkage and particle morphology in all but the saline condition; the media trend is consistent with electrolyte screening/ion-specific effects but, given co-variation in ionic strength, ion identity, organics, and pH, does not isolate ionic strength as the sole cause. Collectively, the results suggest <sub>n</sub>Si-Cys/As may be suitable for acid-exposed settings (e.g., oral or tumor-acid environments) while highlighting constraints under saline conditions. More broadly, the study underscores evaluating nanocarriers in realistic ionic matrices when projecting therapeutic performance.</p>

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Evaluating the Stability and Drug Delivery Potential of Nanoengineered Thiol-Based Composite in Physiological Media: Insights from Experimental and Comparative Studies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Nazha Alnasra,
  • Omar Alnasra,
  • Dana Alnasra

摘要

Thiol-grafted nanosilica (nSi-Cys) was engineered to sequester arsenic trioxide (ATO) via As–S binding. The composite, prepared by batch adsorption of As(III) onto cysteine-functionalized SiO₂, reached 94% loading (by mass balance) and retained a negative ζ-potential (reported as an indicator of surface charge, not a surrogate for long-term stability). To anticipate in-vivo behavior, uptake, kinetic retention (12–120 h), and 48 h desorption were quantified at 37 °C in five physiologically relevant media (0.1 M HCl, 5% dextrose, distilled water, Ringer’s lactate, normal saline). Uptake was near-quantitative in acidic and low-salt media (Ceq often < LOD) with minimal desorption over 120 h, whereas normal saline showed lower initial uptake (58% at 120 h) and higher release (31%). Spectroscopic, XRD, and electron-microscopy data supported preservation of the As–S linkage and particle morphology in all but the saline condition; the media trend is consistent with electrolyte screening/ion-specific effects but, given co-variation in ionic strength, ion identity, organics, and pH, does not isolate ionic strength as the sole cause. Collectively, the results suggest nSi-Cys/As may be suitable for acid-exposed settings (e.g., oral or tumor-acid environments) while highlighting constraints under saline conditions. More broadly, the study underscores evaluating nanocarriers in realistic ionic matrices when projecting therapeutic performance.