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<p>Herein, bimetallic Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/SnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles and graphite-derived graphene nanoplatelets (GrNPs) was synthesized using ultrasonication and dry ball-milling methods for eco-friendly and cost-effective high-yield production. The physicochemical properties of the prepared materials were systematically characterized using FE-SEM, XRD, FTIR, and XPS analyses, confirming successful composite formation and uniform nanoparticle distribution on the GrNPs surface. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity tests performed against A549 lung cancer cells found a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability. The Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/SnO<sub>2</sub>@GrNPs composite exhibited the highest anticancer effect, lowering cell viability to around 24.58% at 150&#xa0;µg/mL, compared to individual components. Then, the Gene expression analysis further demonstrated significant upregulation of pro-apoptotic markers (BAX and CASP3) and downregulation of anti-apoptotic BCL2, indicating activation of apoptosis-mediated cell death pathways. These findings highlight the synergistic anticancer potential of the Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/SnO<sub>2</sub>@GrNPs nanocomposite and its promise for future cancer nanotherapeutic applications.</p>

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Ultra-Sonication Synthesis of Co3O4/SnO2 Nanoparticle on Graphene Nanoplatelets from Dry Ball-Milling Composite for Anticancer Activity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Bhalotia Chinmay,
  • Palati Sinduja,
  • Mani Sivakumar

摘要

Herein, bimetallic Co3O4/SnO2 nanoparticles and graphite-derived graphene nanoplatelets (GrNPs) was synthesized using ultrasonication and dry ball-milling methods for eco-friendly and cost-effective high-yield production. The physicochemical properties of the prepared materials were systematically characterized using FE-SEM, XRD, FTIR, and XPS analyses, confirming successful composite formation and uniform nanoparticle distribution on the GrNPs surface. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity tests performed against A549 lung cancer cells found a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability. The Co3O4/SnO2@GrNPs composite exhibited the highest anticancer effect, lowering cell viability to around 24.58% at 150 µg/mL, compared to individual components. Then, the Gene expression analysis further demonstrated significant upregulation of pro-apoptotic markers (BAX and CASP3) and downregulation of anti-apoptotic BCL2, indicating activation of apoptosis-mediated cell death pathways. These findings highlight the synergistic anticancer potential of the Co3O4/SnO2@GrNPs nanocomposite and its promise for future cancer nanotherapeutic applications.