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<p>Brain cancer therapeutics, particularly for glioblastoma, face significant challenges due to the restrictive nature of the blood-brain barrier, tumor heterogeneity, and resistance to conventional treatments. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have introduced graphene oxide (GO) as a promising candidate for enhancing treatment efficacy and improving patient outcomes. This review discusses the anticancer properties of GO including applications in targeted drug delivery, increasing the effectiveness of photothermal and photodynamic therapies, and highlighting its ability to induce cell death in glioblastoma cells. The experimental findings from in vitro and in vivo studies on the anticancer activity of GO and the potential use of this material as a nanocarrier for drug delivery in glioblastoma therapy are presented. Possible challenges related to its safety and the synthesis and functionalization of GO nanoparticles are discussed. The findings of the reviewed studies highlight the need for future research on combination therapies with GO and other treatments, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy.</p>

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Advanced Applications of Graphene Oxide in Improving Therapeutic Strategies for Glioblastoma Treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • Elham Einafshar,
  • Sadaf Sadat Rafati,
  • Ahmad Ghorbani

摘要

Brain cancer therapeutics, particularly for glioblastoma, face significant challenges due to the restrictive nature of the blood-brain barrier, tumor heterogeneity, and resistance to conventional treatments. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have introduced graphene oxide (GO) as a promising candidate for enhancing treatment efficacy and improving patient outcomes. This review discusses the anticancer properties of GO including applications in targeted drug delivery, increasing the effectiveness of photothermal and photodynamic therapies, and highlighting its ability to induce cell death in glioblastoma cells. The experimental findings from in vitro and in vivo studies on the anticancer activity of GO and the potential use of this material as a nanocarrier for drug delivery in glioblastoma therapy are presented. Possible challenges related to its safety and the synthesis and functionalization of GO nanoparticles are discussed. The findings of the reviewed studies highlight the need for future research on combination therapies with GO and other treatments, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy.