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<p>Advancements in nanotechnology have ushered in a transformative era in biology and medicine, with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) at the forefront due to their unique physicochemical attributes. AuNPs are attractive for biomedical applications owing to their facile synthesis, tunable size and shape, excellent biocompatibility, and distinctive optical properties. These features have enabled their widespread use in diverse areas such as hyperthermia therapy, biocatalysis, diagnostic imaging, and drug delivery systems. The current study focuses on elucidating the complex interactions between AuNPs and key biological macromolecules, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, and explores how surface modifications influence these interactions at the molecular level. This comprehensive review synthesizes recent research findings on AuNP–biomolecule interactions, highlighting mechanistic insights and the influence of nanoparticle physicochemical properties on biological activity. Understanding these interactions is crucial for advancing the safe and effective integration of AuNPs into therapeutic and diagnostic platforms. Establishing standardized methods to evaluate both the efficacy and toxicity of AuNPs will facilitate responsible development in this promising field. This review thus provides a snapshot of current progress and challenges, underscoring the significant potential of AuNPs to revolutionize medical procedures through their tailored biological interfaces.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Gold Nanoparticles in Biomolecular Interactions for Biomedical Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Hadeel Majed Ahmed,
  • Ali Ahmed Amash Joer,
  • Uday Abdul-Reda Hussein,
  • Hayder Hamid Abbas Al-Anbari,
  • Alzahraa S. Abdulwahid,
  • Ghassan Salah,
  • Reem Turki Edan,
  • Nooruldeen Ali Abdulhussein,
  • Zaid H. Mahmoud,
  • Ahmed N. Al-Jamal

摘要

Advancements in nanotechnology have ushered in a transformative era in biology and medicine, with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) at the forefront due to their unique physicochemical attributes. AuNPs are attractive for biomedical applications owing to their facile synthesis, tunable size and shape, excellent biocompatibility, and distinctive optical properties. These features have enabled their widespread use in diverse areas such as hyperthermia therapy, biocatalysis, diagnostic imaging, and drug delivery systems. The current study focuses on elucidating the complex interactions between AuNPs and key biological macromolecules, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, and explores how surface modifications influence these interactions at the molecular level. This comprehensive review synthesizes recent research findings on AuNP–biomolecule interactions, highlighting mechanistic insights and the influence of nanoparticle physicochemical properties on biological activity. Understanding these interactions is crucial for advancing the safe and effective integration of AuNPs into therapeutic and diagnostic platforms. Establishing standardized methods to evaluate both the efficacy and toxicity of AuNPs will facilitate responsible development in this promising field. This review thus provides a snapshot of current progress and challenges, underscoring the significant potential of AuNPs to revolutionize medical procedures through their tailored biological interfaces.

Graphical Abstract