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<p>The primary objective of this study was to fabricate Ciclopirox olamine (CO) loaded polymeric nanoparticles incorporated into a Chitosan (Ch)/Aloe vera (AV) film matrix to provide sustained release and prolonged contact time. The Eudragit E100 polymeric nanoparticles were prepared and optimized using the Box Behnken design. The optimized formulation exhibited favorable characteristics, including a particle size of 194.25 ± 1.75&#xa0;nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.22 ± 0.02, a zeta potential of + 26.7 ± 1.03 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 79 ± 2.80%. Physicochemical characterization was conducted using FTIR, XRD, and SEM. FTIR spectra confirmed the absence of drug–polymer interactions, XRD analysis revealed a transition from the crystalline to amorphous state of the drug in the nanoparticle’s diffraction peak, and SEM images demonstrated spherical particles within the nanoscale. This optimized formulation was evaluated for physicochemical parameters and recorded optimum stability over a 6-month period. This optimized formulation was loaded in a Ch/AV based film and characterized for several physicochemical parameters and FTIR spectroscopic analysis revealing drug-excipient compatibility and favorable mechanical strength and associated properties making it suitable for topical application. In vitro drug release studies conducted at pH 5.5 and 7.4 demonstrated a significantly higher release at acidic pH, aligning with fungal infection sites, and confirmed the film’s ability to sustain drug release, reducing it by 30.3 ± 1.84% compared to nanoparticles alone. The nanoparticles also exhibited in vitro antifungal activity against <i>Candida albicans</i>. Overall, the results underscore the potential of this Ch-based nanoparticle film system to enhance the topical delivery of CO.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Smart Film Technology: Chitosan Matrix Encapsulating Ciclopirox Olamine Loaded Eudragit E100 Based Polymeric Nanoparticles for Topical Delivery

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月16日

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  • Sehrish Ambreen,
  • Asim. ur. Rehman,
  • Syeda Komal Fatima,
  • Yousaf Kamal,
  • Muhammad Ijaz Khan,
  • Naveed Ahmed

摘要

The primary objective of this study was to fabricate Ciclopirox olamine (CO) loaded polymeric nanoparticles incorporated into a Chitosan (Ch)/Aloe vera (AV) film matrix to provide sustained release and prolonged contact time. The Eudragit E100 polymeric nanoparticles were prepared and optimized using the Box Behnken design. The optimized formulation exhibited favorable characteristics, including a particle size of 194.25 ± 1.75 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.22 ± 0.02, a zeta potential of + 26.7 ± 1.03 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 79 ± 2.80%. Physicochemical characterization was conducted using FTIR, XRD, and SEM. FTIR spectra confirmed the absence of drug–polymer interactions, XRD analysis revealed a transition from the crystalline to amorphous state of the drug in the nanoparticle’s diffraction peak, and SEM images demonstrated spherical particles within the nanoscale. This optimized formulation was evaluated for physicochemical parameters and recorded optimum stability over a 6-month period. This optimized formulation was loaded in a Ch/AV based film and characterized for several physicochemical parameters and FTIR spectroscopic analysis revealing drug-excipient compatibility and favorable mechanical strength and associated properties making it suitable for topical application. In vitro drug release studies conducted at pH 5.5 and 7.4 demonstrated a significantly higher release at acidic pH, aligning with fungal infection sites, and confirmed the film’s ability to sustain drug release, reducing it by 30.3 ± 1.84% compared to nanoparticles alone. The nanoparticles also exhibited in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Overall, the results underscore the potential of this Ch-based nanoparticle film system to enhance the topical delivery of CO.

Graphical Abstract