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<p>This work presents a novel, environmentally friendly protocol for the microbial-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) from the intestinal tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) microbiota-derived <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Differing from common microbial or plant-based syntheses, the present work uniquely examines the gut microbiome of fish as an untapped biological source of nanoparticle production, shedding new light on host-related microbial complexes as potential nanofactories. Effective synthesis of the Ag NPs was confirmed by the characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band found at 440&#xa0;nm, testifying to the production of competent nanoparticles. Diverse physicochemical analyses such as UV–Vis spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurements assured the crystalline properties, colloidal stability, and nanoscale distribution size of the obtained Ag NPs. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry further revealed evenly dispersed, spherical nanoparticles with a characteristic, prominent elemental silver signal, consequently corroborating the purity and uniformity of the biosynthesis-derived Ag NPs. Functionally, the Ag NPs exhibited high antibacterial activity against drug-resistant organisms, like <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i> spp., and <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>, with inhibition areas as high as 17&#xa0;mm. Moreover, in vitro experiments demonstrated improved wound healing, achieving approximately 95.9% regeneration of the wounded tissue after 72&#xa0;h, and high cytotoxicity against HeLa cancer cells, inducing apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, with 97% cell killing at 100&#xa0;µg/mL. Altogether, these data collectively underscore the promising biomedical potential of biogenic gut-derived Ag NPs, making them potentially useful as antimicrobial, wound-healing, and anticancer therapeutics. Overall, the work introduces a novel approach in bionanoscience by combining green nanotechnology and aquaculture microbiology, offering a low-cost, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly nanoplatform suitable for preliminary therapeutic relevance.</p>

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Microbial-Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Tilapia Gut E. coli: A Sustainable Approach for Biomedical Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月16日

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  • Srirengaraj Vijayaram,
  • R. S. Kaarmukhilnilavan,
  • Karthikeyan Mahendran,
  • Gabriela Sandoval-Hevia,
  • Subh Naman,
  • Ashish Baldi

摘要

This work presents a novel, environmentally friendly protocol for the microbial-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) from the intestinal tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) microbiota-derived Escherichia coli. Differing from common microbial or plant-based syntheses, the present work uniquely examines the gut microbiome of fish as an untapped biological source of nanoparticle production, shedding new light on host-related microbial complexes as potential nanofactories. Effective synthesis of the Ag NPs was confirmed by the characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band found at 440 nm, testifying to the production of competent nanoparticles. Diverse physicochemical analyses such as UV–Vis spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurements assured the crystalline properties, colloidal stability, and nanoscale distribution size of the obtained Ag NPs. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry further revealed evenly dispersed, spherical nanoparticles with a characteristic, prominent elemental silver signal, consequently corroborating the purity and uniformity of the biosynthesis-derived Ag NPs. Functionally, the Ag NPs exhibited high antibacterial activity against drug-resistant organisms, like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus spp., and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, with inhibition areas as high as 17 mm. Moreover, in vitro experiments demonstrated improved wound healing, achieving approximately 95.9% regeneration of the wounded tissue after 72 h, and high cytotoxicity against HeLa cancer cells, inducing apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, with 97% cell killing at 100 µg/mL. Altogether, these data collectively underscore the promising biomedical potential of biogenic gut-derived Ag NPs, making them potentially useful as antimicrobial, wound-healing, and anticancer therapeutics. Overall, the work introduces a novel approach in bionanoscience by combining green nanotechnology and aquaculture microbiology, offering a low-cost, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly nanoplatform suitable for preliminary therapeutic relevance.