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<p>Biofilm-forming multidrug-resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is a major cause of orthopedic implant-associated infections, making conventional antibiotic treatments ineffective. Nano-antimicrobial coatings offer a promising solution to mitigate biofilm formation on implants such as Herbert screws. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles (chitosan-AgNPs) using a green synthesis approach and evaluate their antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and biocompatibility properties for orthopedic implant coatings. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Cannabis plant extract and coated with chitosan. The nanoformulations were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, and SEM. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using agar disc diffusion and macro dilution methods, determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Biofilm inhibition was evaluated using Congo red and crystal violet assays. Orthopedic implants were coated through the dip-coating method, and their antibiofilm efficacy was examined through crystal violet staining and SEM. Biocompatibility was assessed via hemolysis and MTT assays on osteoblast cell lines. The nanoformulations were spherical, polydisperse (431–485&#xa0;nm), and exhibited a 33&#xa0;mm inhibition zone against <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, with an MIC of 20&#xa0;µg/mL. Coating was successfully achieved, as confirmed by SEM. The nanoformulations were non-hemolytic (625–5000&#xa0;µg) and showed 91% osteoblast viability at 0.529&#xa0;µg, indicating excellent biocompatibility. Chitosan-Ag nanoformulations demonstrated potent antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and were successfully utilized as orthopedic implant coatings, offering a promising strategy for infection-resistant implants.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Green Synthesis of Dual Function CS/Ag Nanoformulation for Implant Protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月17日

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  • Humaira Khan,
  • Bushra Uzair,
  • Fehmida Fasim,
  • Mahreen Fatima,
  • Azmat Ali Khan,
  • Zukhra Abbasi,
  • Sabiha Fatima

摘要

Biofilm-forming multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of orthopedic implant-associated infections, making conventional antibiotic treatments ineffective. Nano-antimicrobial coatings offer a promising solution to mitigate biofilm formation on implants such as Herbert screws. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles (chitosan-AgNPs) using a green synthesis approach and evaluate their antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and biocompatibility properties for orthopedic implant coatings. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Cannabis plant extract and coated with chitosan. The nanoformulations were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, and SEM. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using agar disc diffusion and macro dilution methods, determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Biofilm inhibition was evaluated using Congo red and crystal violet assays. Orthopedic implants were coated through the dip-coating method, and their antibiofilm efficacy was examined through crystal violet staining and SEM. Biocompatibility was assessed via hemolysis and MTT assays on osteoblast cell lines. The nanoformulations were spherical, polydisperse (431–485 nm), and exhibited a 33 mm inhibition zone against P. aeruginosa, with an MIC of 20 µg/mL. Coating was successfully achieved, as confirmed by SEM. The nanoformulations were non-hemolytic (625–5000 µg) and showed 91% osteoblast viability at 0.529 µg, indicating excellent biocompatibility. Chitosan-Ag nanoformulations demonstrated potent antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against P. aeruginosa and were successfully utilized as orthopedic implant coatings, offering a promising strategy for infection-resistant implants.

Graphical Abstract