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<p>Chitosan, a natural biopolymer with antibacterial properties and nanotechnological potential, is typically sourced from crustacean shells. This is the first study to identify polychaete <i>Spiochaetopterus</i> sp. tube casings as an alternative and abundant source of chitosan for multiple applications. For the first time, in this study, high-purity chitosan from tube casings of <i>Spiochaetopterus</i> sp. was extracted and used as a precursor, reducing agent, and stabilizer to synthesize chitosan silver nanoparticles (Cs-Ag-NPs) at 28&#xa0;°C and 121&#xa0;°C. The obtained Cs-Ag-NPs were calcinated at 400&#xa0;°C for about 2&#xa0;h. The Cs-Ag-NPs synthesized at room temperature and autoclave temperature displayed spherical and fibrous agglomerates morphology, respectively. The surface plasma resonance of UV-visible spectroscopy revealed a peak at 412&#xa0;nm, corresponding to silver nanoparticle synthesis, confirming Cs-Ag-NPs synthesis. The XRD analysis revealed characteristic diffraction peaks corresponding to the (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes of face-centered cubic silver, with calculated crystallite sizes ranging between 16 and 30&#xa0;nm based on the Debye–Scherrer equation, further confirmed the crystalline structure of Cs-Ag NPs. The presence of typical functional groups of Ag-NPs such as -NH, -OH, -C-H, primary amide and secondary amide, and C-O stretching were observed in FTIR. Additionally, at the lowest concentrations of 1 to 50 ppm, the standard brine shrimp <i>Artemia salina</i> bioassay showed no negative effects; at the highest concentration of 100 ppm, it demonstrated a mortality rate of 29% and 40% for calcinated Cs-Ag-NPs (RT) and Cs-Ag- NPs (AC) respectively, underscoring their potential use in environmental and biomedical applications.</p>

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Eco-friendly Biosynthesis and Toxicity Assessment of Chitosan–Silver Nanoparticles Derived from Chitin of Massive Tube Casing Blooms of Spiochaetopterus Sp.

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月16日

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  • M. S. Rishika,
  • Chatragadda Ramesh,
  • Samson Rokkarukala,
  • Satya Swaroop Nanda

摘要

Chitosan, a natural biopolymer with antibacterial properties and nanotechnological potential, is typically sourced from crustacean shells. This is the first study to identify polychaete Spiochaetopterus sp. tube casings as an alternative and abundant source of chitosan for multiple applications. For the first time, in this study, high-purity chitosan from tube casings of Spiochaetopterus sp. was extracted and used as a precursor, reducing agent, and stabilizer to synthesize chitosan silver nanoparticles (Cs-Ag-NPs) at 28 °C and 121 °C. The obtained Cs-Ag-NPs were calcinated at 400 °C for about 2 h. The Cs-Ag-NPs synthesized at room temperature and autoclave temperature displayed spherical and fibrous agglomerates morphology, respectively. The surface plasma resonance of UV-visible spectroscopy revealed a peak at 412 nm, corresponding to silver nanoparticle synthesis, confirming Cs-Ag-NPs synthesis. The XRD analysis revealed characteristic diffraction peaks corresponding to the (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes of face-centered cubic silver, with calculated crystallite sizes ranging between 16 and 30 nm based on the Debye–Scherrer equation, further confirmed the crystalline structure of Cs-Ag NPs. The presence of typical functional groups of Ag-NPs such as -NH, -OH, -C-H, primary amide and secondary amide, and C-O stretching were observed in FTIR. Additionally, at the lowest concentrations of 1 to 50 ppm, the standard brine shrimp Artemia salina bioassay showed no negative effects; at the highest concentration of 100 ppm, it demonstrated a mortality rate of 29% and 40% for calcinated Cs-Ag-NPs (RT) and Cs-Ag- NPs (AC) respectively, underscoring their potential use in environmental and biomedical applications.