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<p>Postbiotics derived from lactic acid bacteria, including enzymes, proteins, and exopolysaccharides, have recently demonstrated significant potential as reducing and capping agents for the biological synthesis of nanoparticles. This offers an eco-friendly alternative to physical and chemical methods. This study presents the application of probiotic <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> PCH25-derived postbiotics for zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle synthesis. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization revealed distinct advantages of the postbiotic synthesis approach. The presence of various functional groups, such as amide, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups, on the surfaces of the ZnO NPs was confirmed by FT-IR analysis. The Z-average hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of postbiotic-ZnO NPs in colloidal suspension were 372.35&#xa0;nm and − 7.14 mV, respectively. These ZnO NPs showed notable thermal stability. The SEM and XRD analysis confirmed the nanoflower morphology and crystalline structure of the NPs. The postbiotic-ZnO NPs showed antibacterial potential against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacterial pathogens as well as 73.2% antioxidant activity in agar well diffusion and DPPH tests, respectively. Additionally, they exhibited weak antiproliferative effect on SH-SY5Y (23-32.5%) and HCT116 cell lines (12.8-33.89%) in MTT assay. Hemolysis assays confirmed biocompatibility with less than 4% hemolysis at therapeutic concentrations. Although the biological activities of postbiotic and chemical ZnO NPs were the same, the absence of hazardous residue in postbiotic-ZnO NPs suggests their promising application in medical, pharmaceutical, nutritional, environmental and cosmetic industries. The key innovation of this study lies in utilizing postbiotic metabolites from a probiotic strain, thereby eliminating cellular debris and providing enhanced reproducibility compared to whole-cell synthesis methods.</p>

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Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Postbiotics Derived from Enterococcus Faecium PCH25: Biological Activities and Physicochemical Characterization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月17日

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  • Parvin Chegini,
  • Fatemeh Salimi,
  • Ehsan Nazarzadeh Zare,
  • Parisa Farrokh

摘要

Postbiotics derived from lactic acid bacteria, including enzymes, proteins, and exopolysaccharides, have recently demonstrated significant potential as reducing and capping agents for the biological synthesis of nanoparticles. This offers an eco-friendly alternative to physical and chemical methods. This study presents the application of probiotic Enterococcus faecium PCH25-derived postbiotics for zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle synthesis. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization revealed distinct advantages of the postbiotic synthesis approach. The presence of various functional groups, such as amide, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups, on the surfaces of the ZnO NPs was confirmed by FT-IR analysis. The Z-average hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of postbiotic-ZnO NPs in colloidal suspension were 372.35 nm and − 7.14 mV, respectively. These ZnO NPs showed notable thermal stability. The SEM and XRD analysis confirmed the nanoflower morphology and crystalline structure of the NPs. The postbiotic-ZnO NPs showed antibacterial potential against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacterial pathogens as well as 73.2% antioxidant activity in agar well diffusion and DPPH tests, respectively. Additionally, they exhibited weak antiproliferative effect on SH-SY5Y (23-32.5%) and HCT116 cell lines (12.8-33.89%) in MTT assay. Hemolysis assays confirmed biocompatibility with less than 4% hemolysis at therapeutic concentrations. Although the biological activities of postbiotic and chemical ZnO NPs were the same, the absence of hazardous residue in postbiotic-ZnO NPs suggests their promising application in medical, pharmaceutical, nutritional, environmental and cosmetic industries. The key innovation of this study lies in utilizing postbiotic metabolites from a probiotic strain, thereby eliminating cellular debris and providing enhanced reproducibility compared to whole-cell synthesis methods.