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<p>Topical administration is the preferred strategy for the management of mild-to-moderate acne; however, conventional formulations such as gels and creams are associated with significant limitations, including promoting bacterial growth and increasing risk of occlusion, which may exacerbate acne. To address these challenges, electrospun nanofiber mats were developed by incorporating salicylic acid and nicotinamide with hyaluronic acid and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. The resultant nanofibers exhibited an average diameter of 129.98 ± 34.9&#xa0;nm, demonstrated adequate mechanical strength (0.459 ± 0.0964 N). Moreover, a novel analytical method, developed and validated in accordance with ICH Q2(R2) guidelines, enabled the precise and simultaneous quantification of both drugs within nanofibrous matrices, significantly reducing the analysis time relative to previously reported methods. This method was employed to assess entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release kinetics, and ex vivo skin deposition. The results showed an entrapment of efficiency 82.02% ± 2.1 for salicylic acid and 98.97% ± 1.1 for nicotinamide, with complete in vitro drug release achieved within 30&#xa0;min. Ex vivo skin deposition studies demonstrated substantial retention of both drugs at the target site, i.e., stratum corneum (nicotinamide, 63.13% ± 0.18; salicylic acid, 62.08% ± 0.22) and epidermis (34.91% ± 5.34 and 35.71% ± 1.94, respectively). Furthermore, the nanofiber mats exhibited superior antibacterial activity against <i>Propionibacterium acnes</i> compared to pure drugs. Stability studies confirmed the physical structure, drug content, and release profile over a period of 3&#xa0;months. Collectively, these findings underscore the potential of electrospun nanofiber mats as effective topical delivery systems for the treatment of acne.</p>

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Exploring Electrospun Nanofibers as a Delivery Vehicle for Salicylic Acid and Nicotinamide: A Comprehensive Study on Analytical Method Development, Formulation Development, In Vitro Characterization and Efficacy for Propionibacterium acnes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月27日

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  • Gaurav Shanbhag,
  • Prajakta Bule,
  • Naveen Chella

摘要

Topical administration is the preferred strategy for the management of mild-to-moderate acne; however, conventional formulations such as gels and creams are associated with significant limitations, including promoting bacterial growth and increasing risk of occlusion, which may exacerbate acne. To address these challenges, electrospun nanofiber mats were developed by incorporating salicylic acid and nicotinamide with hyaluronic acid and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. The resultant nanofibers exhibited an average diameter of 129.98 ± 34.9 nm, demonstrated adequate mechanical strength (0.459 ± 0.0964 N). Moreover, a novel analytical method, developed and validated in accordance with ICH Q2(R2) guidelines, enabled the precise and simultaneous quantification of both drugs within nanofibrous matrices, significantly reducing the analysis time relative to previously reported methods. This method was employed to assess entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release kinetics, and ex vivo skin deposition. The results showed an entrapment of efficiency 82.02% ± 2.1 for salicylic acid and 98.97% ± 1.1 for nicotinamide, with complete in vitro drug release achieved within 30 min. Ex vivo skin deposition studies demonstrated substantial retention of both drugs at the target site, i.e., stratum corneum (nicotinamide, 63.13% ± 0.18; salicylic acid, 62.08% ± 0.22) and epidermis (34.91% ± 5.34 and 35.71% ± 1.94, respectively). Furthermore, the nanofiber mats exhibited superior antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes compared to pure drugs. Stability studies confirmed the physical structure, drug content, and release profile over a period of 3 months. Collectively, these findings underscore the potential of electrospun nanofiber mats as effective topical delivery systems for the treatment of acne.