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<p>This study presents the green synthesis of zinc oxide–chitosan nanoparticles (Zin-Chi-NPs) using <i>Sepia pharaonis</i> cuttlebone as a marine biowaste source and chitosan as a natural stabilizing agent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed a crystalline structure with 69.8% crystallinity, while Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed characteristic functional groups such as hydroxyl (3366&#xa0;cm⁻<sup>1</sup>), amine (1566&#xa0;cm⁻<sup>1</sup>), and carboxyl (1354&#xa0;cm⁻<sup>1</sup>), indicating effective biogenic stabilization. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) reveals densely packed, irregularly shaped nanoparticles dispersed across the chitosan matrix. Zin-Chi-NPs exhibited notable antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 15 ± 0.12&#xa0;mm (<i>E. coli</i>), 18 ± 0.12&#xa0;mm (<i>Streptococcus mutans</i>), and 19 ± 0.14&#xa0;mm (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>); no inhibition was observed against <i>Candida albicans</i>. Cytotoxicity was evaluated on KB1 oral cancer cells using the MTT assay. A dose-dependent response was observed, with 18% cell death at 10&#xa0;µg/mL and a marked increase to 97% at 200&#xa0;µg/mL. The IC₅₀ was calculated as 38.9&#xa0;µg/mL, suggesting moderate cytotoxic efficiency and potential therapeutic relevance at higher concentrations. Overall, the synthesized Zin-Chi-NPs demonstrate promising structural stability, antimicrobial activity, and dose-dependent cytotoxicity, supporting their potential application in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields.</p>

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Marine-Biowaste-Derived ZnO–Chitosan Nanoparticles: Structural Features and Anticancer Evaluation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月18日

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  • Shanmugapriya Jaishankar,
  • Saranya Elumalai,
  • Senthil Nathan Madeshwaran,
  • Ambiga Somasundaram,
  • Pasiyappazham Ramasamy

摘要

This study presents the green synthesis of zinc oxide–chitosan nanoparticles (Zin-Chi-NPs) using Sepia pharaonis cuttlebone as a marine biowaste source and chitosan as a natural stabilizing agent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed a crystalline structure with 69.8% crystallinity, while Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed characteristic functional groups such as hydroxyl (3366 cm⁻1), amine (1566 cm⁻1), and carboxyl (1354 cm⁻1), indicating effective biogenic stabilization. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) reveals densely packed, irregularly shaped nanoparticles dispersed across the chitosan matrix. Zin-Chi-NPs exhibited notable antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 15 ± 0.12 mm (E. coli), 18 ± 0.12 mm (Streptococcus mutans), and 19 ± 0.14 mm (Staphylococcus aureus); no inhibition was observed against Candida albicans. Cytotoxicity was evaluated on KB1 oral cancer cells using the MTT assay. A dose-dependent response was observed, with 18% cell death at 10 µg/mL and a marked increase to 97% at 200 µg/mL. The IC₅₀ was calculated as 38.9 µg/mL, suggesting moderate cytotoxic efficiency and potential therapeutic relevance at higher concentrations. Overall, the synthesized Zin-Chi-NPs demonstrate promising structural stability, antimicrobial activity, and dose-dependent cytotoxicity, supporting their potential application in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields.