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<p>Green nanotechnology has led the development of novel materials to address the growing concerns of antimicrobial resistance and effective cancer therapies. The goal of this study was to biosynthesize and evaluate zinc oxide CV-ZnO and titanium dioxide CV-TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor activities using a green synthesis approach. <i>Cinnamomum verum</i> bark extract was employed as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Their biological efficacy was assessed through disc diffusion (antibacterial and antifungal), DPPH assay (antioxidant), and MTT assay (cytotoxicity against Huh7 liver cancer cells. Their antibacterial and antifungal properties were assessed against a panel of pathogenic bacteria including <i>Bacillus cereus</i>,<i> Staphylococcus aureus</i>,<i> Escherichia coli</i>,<i> Enterobacter aerogenes</i> and fungi including <i>Alternaria solan</i>, <i>Microphobia phacelia</i>, <i>Aspergillus niger</i>, <i>Candida albicans</i> using the disc diffusion method. The antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory potential was examined against the Huh-7 liver cancer cell line. The biogenic spherical-shaped CV-ZnO and CV-TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles exhibited sizes ranging from 40 to 80&#xa0;nm with absorption peaks at 300–320&#xa0;nm and 300–400&#xa0;nm, respectively. FTIR and XRD patterns indicated the presence of hydroxyl and organic groups, confirming high crystallinity, stabilization, and phase purity. Both types of NPs exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal activities, with larger zones of inhibition at higher concentrations. The CV-TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles showed superior antioxidant activity and induced higher levels of superoxide dismutase in Huh-7 cells compared to CV-ZnO nanoparticles. Furthermore, these nanoparticles, especially CV-TiO<sub>2</sub>, exhibited potent cytotoxicity (67.67% at 100&#xa0;μg/ml) against Huh-7 liver cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, accompanied by the modulation of key apoptotic (Bax) and inflammatory genes (AFP, Bcl-2, PTEN). Future research into cancer treatments is suggested by the current findings, which demonstrate the potential of biogenic CV-ZnO and CV-TiO₂ NPs as antimicrobial agents and their encouraging in vitro cytotoxic effects against Huh-7 liver cancer cells. Further translational studies are warranted to explore their clinical application.&#xa0;</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles from Cinnamomum verum Bark Extract: Enhanced Antimicrobic, Antioxidant, and Antitumor Performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月18日

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  • Tayyab Shafiq,
  • Humaira Yasmin,
  • Li Duan,
  • Nukhbat Ullah,
  • Tariq Nadeem,
  • Mohsin Zafar,
  • Muhammad Nadeem Hassan,
  • Usama Ahmed,
  • Ajaz Ahmad

摘要

Green nanotechnology has led the development of novel materials to address the growing concerns of antimicrobial resistance and effective cancer therapies. The goal of this study was to biosynthesize and evaluate zinc oxide CV-ZnO and titanium dioxide CV-TiO2 nanoparticles for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor activities using a green synthesis approach. Cinnamomum verum bark extract was employed as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Their biological efficacy was assessed through disc diffusion (antibacterial and antifungal), DPPH assay (antioxidant), and MTT assay (cytotoxicity against Huh7 liver cancer cells. Their antibacterial and antifungal properties were assessed against a panel of pathogenic bacteria including Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and fungi including Alternaria solan, Microphobia phacelia, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans using the disc diffusion method. The antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory potential was examined against the Huh-7 liver cancer cell line. The biogenic spherical-shaped CV-ZnO and CV-TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited sizes ranging from 40 to 80 nm with absorption peaks at 300–320 nm and 300–400 nm, respectively. FTIR and XRD patterns indicated the presence of hydroxyl and organic groups, confirming high crystallinity, stabilization, and phase purity. Both types of NPs exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal activities, with larger zones of inhibition at higher concentrations. The CV-TiO2 nanoparticles showed superior antioxidant activity and induced higher levels of superoxide dismutase in Huh-7 cells compared to CV-ZnO nanoparticles. Furthermore, these nanoparticles, especially CV-TiO2, exhibited potent cytotoxicity (67.67% at 100 μg/ml) against Huh-7 liver cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, accompanied by the modulation of key apoptotic (Bax) and inflammatory genes (AFP, Bcl-2, PTEN). Future research into cancer treatments is suggested by the current findings, which demonstrate the potential of biogenic CV-ZnO and CV-TiO₂ NPs as antimicrobial agents and their encouraging in vitro cytotoxic effects against Huh-7 liver cancer cells. Further translational studies are warranted to explore their clinical application. 

Graphical Abstract