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<p>Essential oils (EO) are gaining significance globally due to their green technology approaches as they are promising candidates to develop eco-friendly bioherbicides. <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> EOs are rich in eucalyptol, known for its allelopathic nature to effectively control weeds. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed to determine the chemical composition of EO. Eucalyptol (65.1%) and alpha-pinene (15.3%) were the major components of EO. However, they are highly volatile and easily prone to degradation, thereby affecting its stability. Nanoemulsion approaches could be utilized to solve the stability issues. Oil-in-water nanoemulsion was developed using guar gum, tween 80, span 80 and EOs using ultrasonication approach to achieve the nanodroplet size (100 nm), low polydispersity index (0.24) and greater zeta potential (−39.7 mV). Nanoemulsion fingerprinting was carried out using FT-IR, wettability using contact angle meter and physical size examination using TEM. Encapsulation efficiency was found to be 89.5%. Laboratory studies displayed that nanoemulsion at different dosages (50–10,000 ppm) significantly (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05) reduced the pre-emergence growth parameters of <i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i> in&#xa0;a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect was maximum at 0.2%. Post-emergence application of various concentrations of nanoemulsion (0.1–2%) and essential oil at 2% on 4-week-old plants significantly (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05) reduced the chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzymes in dose-dependent manner. Oil-in-water nanoemulsion sprayed plants severely affected the chlorophyll concentrations and anti-oxidant activities even at lower dosage than control plants. The data clearly suggest that <i>E. globulus</i> EO nanoemulsion has higher herbicidal action as it interferes with both pre-emergence and post-emergence of weeds, offering promising solution to be explored in organic farming.</p>

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Green Herbicide Revolution: Development and Characterization of Eucalyptus globulus Essential Oil-Loaded Nanoemulsion for Sustainable Weed Control

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月5日

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  • Swathika N,
  • K. S. Subramanian,
  • Marimuthu S,
  • Chandrakumar K

摘要

Essential oils (EO) are gaining significance globally due to their green technology approaches as they are promising candidates to develop eco-friendly bioherbicides. Eucalyptus globulus EOs are rich in eucalyptol, known for its allelopathic nature to effectively control weeds. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed to determine the chemical composition of EO. Eucalyptol (65.1%) and alpha-pinene (15.3%) were the major components of EO. However, they are highly volatile and easily prone to degradation, thereby affecting its stability. Nanoemulsion approaches could be utilized to solve the stability issues. Oil-in-water nanoemulsion was developed using guar gum, tween 80, span 80 and EOs using ultrasonication approach to achieve the nanodroplet size (100 nm), low polydispersity index (0.24) and greater zeta potential (−39.7 mV). Nanoemulsion fingerprinting was carried out using FT-IR, wettability using contact angle meter and physical size examination using TEM. Encapsulation efficiency was found to be 89.5%. Laboratory studies displayed that nanoemulsion at different dosages (50–10,000 ppm) significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the pre-emergence growth parameters of Echinochloa crus-galli in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect was maximum at 0.2%. Post-emergence application of various concentrations of nanoemulsion (0.1–2%) and essential oil at 2% on 4-week-old plants significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzymes in dose-dependent manner. Oil-in-water nanoemulsion sprayed plants severely affected the chlorophyll concentrations and anti-oxidant activities even at lower dosage than control plants. The data clearly suggest that E. globulus EO nanoemulsion has higher herbicidal action as it interferes with both pre-emergence and post-emergence of weeds, offering promising solution to be explored in organic farming.